Lesson 2: Grammar Review

Question 1

The infinitive ending for 2nd-conjugation verbs is ___; and for 3rd-conjugation verbs is ___.

Answer 1

-ēre; -ere

Question 2

The 3rd conjugation does not have a stem with a consistent ___.

Answer 2

stem vowel

Question 3

In the 3rd conjugation, you must chop to the ___ to find the present stem.

Answer 3

root

Question 4

How can you remember the variable vowels in the 3rd conjugation present system?

Answer 4

AE in future, IOU in present

Question 5

Why is the 3rd conjugation an old maid?

Answer 5

It has no bo’s in the future.

Question 6

The infinitive of the 4th conjugation is

Answer 6

-ire

Question 7

Give the stem vowels for all four conjugations.

Answer 7

1st - a, 2nd - ē, 3rd - none, 4th - i

Question 8

The present system of the 4th conjugation is essentially the same as the 3rd conjugation with the addition of ___.

Answer 8

the stem vowel i

Question 9

3rd io verbs belong to the 3rd conjugation because their infinitive ends in ___.

Answer 9

-ere

Question 10

The present system of 3rd io verbs looks exactly like ___.

Answer 10

the present system of the 4th conjugation

Question 11

Define adverb.

Answer 11

An adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.

Question 12

An adverb most commonly modifies a verb by answering the questions ___.

Answer 12

how, when, where, to what extent

Question 13

Many 1st/2nd-declension adjectives can be changed into adverbs by adding ___ to the adjective stem.

Answer 13

-ē

Question 14

Many 3rd declension adjectives can be changed into adverbs by adding ___ to the adjective stem.

Answer 14

-iter

Question 15

Some adjectives use their ___ forms as adverbs. These forms end in either ___ or ___.

Two examples are ___ and ___.

Answer 15

neutuer singular accusative; -um; -e

multum, fácile

Question 16

The perfect system is ___ regular in all four conjugations.

Answer 16

perfectly

Question 17

How do you find the perfect stem for all four conjugations?

Answer 17

Drop the i from the 3rd principal part.

Question 18

Although 3rd-conjugation verbs do not have regular principal parts, they do have ___ that will help you remember them. What is the pattern for verbs like rego?

Answer 18

patterns

-o -ere -xi -ctus

Question 19

What are the two types of direct questions?

Answer 19

1) questions introduced by question words
2) questions answered with a yes or no

Question 20

How do you form yes or no questions in English?

Answer 20

by placing the helping verb first

Question 21

How do you form yes or no questions in Latin?

Answer 21

Add the enclitic -ne to the end of the first word, usually the verb.

Question 22

Give the six common question words in English.

Answer 22

who, what, when, where, why how

Question 23

Give the two voices of Latin verbs.

Answer 23

active and passive

Question 24

In the active voice, the subject ___.

Answer 24

performs the action of the verb

Question 25

In the passive voice, the subject ___.

Answer 25

receives the action of the verb

Question 26

To form the passive forms of the present system, substitute ___ personal endings for ___ personal endings.

Answer 26

passive; active

Question 27

When the action of the passive verb is performed by a LIVING AGENT, the construction is called ___ and requires the preposition ___.

Answer 27

the ablative of agent; a/ab

Question 28

Give an example of the ablative of agent.

Answer 28

Galli a Caésare superantur. The Gauls are overcome by Caesar.

Question 29

When the action of the verb is performed by a NON-LIVING THING, the construction is called ___ and the preposition is ___.

Answer 29

ablative of means; omitted

Question 30

What is the one irregularity in the present passive system of each conjugation?

Answer 30

1st conjugation - 2nd-person singular of future tense beris

2nd conjugation - 2nd-person singular of future tense beris

3rd conjugation - 2nd-person singular of present tense eris

3rd io conjugation - 2nd-person singular of present tense eris

4th conjugation - NONE

Question 31

Give an example of an ablative of means.

Answer 31

Galli gládio superantur. The Gauls are overcome by the sword.