Lesson 1: Grammar Review Flashcards
What is the first complement in this text?
the complementary infinitive
What English helping verbs translate the imperfect tense?
were, was
What is the one irregularity in the present passive system of each conjugation?
1st conjugation - 2nd-person singular of future tense beris
2nd conjugation - 2nd-person singular of future tense beris
3rd conjugation - 2nd-person singular of present tense eris
3rd io conjugation - 2nd-person singular of present tense eris
4th conjugation - NONE
Give an example of an ablative of means.
Galli gládio superantur. The Gauls are overcome by the sword.
Give the two grammar numbers.
singular, plural
Give an example of the ablative of agent.
Galli a Caésare superantur. The Gauls are overcome by Caesar.
What is the name of the 2nd principal part?
infinitive
Give the three grammar persons.
first person, second person, third person
What are principal parts? How many are there?
The forms that provide the stems needed to conjugate a verb in all its tenses. There are usually four principal parts.
The English infinitive is written with the particle ___ before the verb.
to
In English I praise is the ___ present, I am praising is the ___ present, and I do praise is the ___ present.
simple; progressive; emphatic
The perfect tense describes what kind of action?
a one-time action completed in the past
The imperfect tense sign is ___.
ba
How many conjugations are there? Name them.
four; first, second, third, fourth
The predicate tells ___
what the subject is or does
What is Sentence Pattern #1?
Subject + Verb
Give the regular endings for the principal parts of 1st conjugation verbs.
-o -are -avi -atus
Always in Latin and usually in English, c, g, and sc are soft before
e, i, ae, oe
Give the five vowel letters and their long sounds in Latin.
a, e, i, o, u
/ah/ /ay/ /ee/ /oh/ ōō/
What English helping verbs translate the future perfect tense?
will have
In Latin, gn is pronounced like ___. Give two examples.
/ny/; pugno (I fight), magnus (large)
Give two Latin words that have the long sound of the five vowels.
glória Jesu
In Latin grammar, imperfect means ___.
not finished
The future perfect tense is built on the ___ stem.
perfect
Always in Latin and usually in English, c, g, and sc are hard before
a, o, u, consonants
The perfect tense is built on the ___ stem.
perfect
Give the two voices of Latin verbs.
active and passive
The stem vowel of the 2nd conjugation is ___.
ē
Give the names for the three forms of the English present tense.
simple present, progressive present, emphatic present
The tenses that make up the present system are ___, ___, ___ and they are built on the ___.
perfect, pluperfect, future perfect; perfect stem
What is Sentence Pattern #2?
Subject + Verb + Direct Object
Something that completes the action of the verb is a ___.
complement
The to be verb shows ___, not ___.
existence; action
In the passive voice, the subject ___.
receives the action of the verb
In Latin and English, hard c has the sound of
/k/
Give the English forms of the to be verb.
am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been
When the action of the verb is performed by a NON-LIVING THING, the construction is called ___ and the preposition is ___.
ablative of means; omitted
In the active voice, the subject ___.
performs the action of the verb
Give three translations for amavi.
I loved, I have loved, I did love
The accent is on the ___ unless the ___ is marked.
penult; antepenult
The imperfect tense is used to describe an ___, ___, ___ or ___ ___action.
ongoing, repeated, habitual; interrupted
What English helping verbs translate the Latin perfect tense?
have, has, did
The pluperfect tense endings are identical to ___.
the imperfect tense of sum
How do you find the perfect stem?
Drop -i from the 3rd principal part.
The pluperfect tense describes what kind of action?
a past action completed prior to another past action
In Latin grammar, perfect means ___.
finished
How do you find the present stem?
Drop re from the infinitive
What English helping verb translates the pluperfect tense?
had
The infinitive ending for all 1st conjugation verbs is ___.
-are
The pluperfect tense is built on the ___ stem.
perfect
The two basic parts of a sentence are ___.
the subject and the predicate
The future perfect tense endings are identical to ___ except for the ___.
the future tense of sum; 3rd person plural
The infinitive ending for all 2nd-conjugation verbs is ___.
-ēre
To form the passive forms of the present system, substitute ___ personal endings for ___ personal endings.
passive; active
The future perfect tense describes what kind of action?
a future action that will be completed prior to another future action
Give the six attributes of a Latin verb.
conjugation, person, number, tense, voice, mood
What English helping verb translates the Latin future tenses?
will
The 1st person is the person ___.
The 2nd person is the person ___.
The 3rd person is the person ___.
speaking
spoken to
spoken about
Verb families are called ___.
conjugations
Give the names, from left to right, of the last three syllables of a Latin word.
antepenult; penult; ultima
Give the regular endings for the principal parts of 2nd-conjugation verbs.
-eo -ēre -ui -itus
When the action of the passive verb is performed by a LIVING AGENT, the construction is called ___ and requires the preposition ___.
the ablative of agent; a/ab
The present system is built on the ___.
present stem
How many Latin tenses are there? Name them.
six; present, imperfect, future, perfect, pluperfect, future perfect
The stem vowel of the 1st conjugation is __.
a
The subject tells
who or what the sentence is about
The three tenses that make up the present system are ___.
present, imperfect, future
Soft c has the sound of ___ in English and ___ in Latin.
/s/; /ch/
