Text Chapters 2 and 4: Chemical Reactions in Cells

Question 1

Energy

Answer 1

the capacity to do work

Question 2

First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 2

in a closed system, energy is neither created nor destroyed but can be converted from one form to another

Question 3

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 3

energy conversions result in a loss of useful energy (increase in entropy= randomness)

Question 4

Chemical Reaction

Answer 4

involves the breaking and formations of chemical bonds

Question 5

Endergonic Reactions

Answer 5

energy is consumed- (products are GREATER than reactants (ex. photosynthesis)

Question 6

Exergonic Reactions

Answer 6

energy is released- products are LESS than reactants (ex. burning glucose)

Question 7

ATP for Short-term Energy Storage

Answer 7

energy is stored in the bonds of ATP- when energy is released, ATP loses a phosphate, is broken down into ADP

Question 8

Use of Electron Carriers for Donation to Chemical Reactions in the Cell

Answer 8

electron carriers donate electrons to the electron transport chain to produce ATP

Question 9

Coupled Reactions

Answer 9

energy released from an exergonic reaction is used to power an endergonic reaction

Question 10

Activation Energy

Answer 10

the least amount of energy required to activate atoms or molecules to a state in which they can undergo a chemical reaction.

Question 11

Active Site

Answer 11

region on enzyme where reactants bind

Question 12

Catalyst

Answer 12

speeds up a reaction without being changed by the reaction

Question 13

Enzyme

Answer 13

a biological catalyst specific for the reactants (substrates) in the reactions they catalyze
-speed up biological catalysts by lowering the activation energy for the reaction

Question 14

Substrate

Answer 14

the molecule acted upon by an enzyme

Question 15

Product

Answer 15

a substance that is formed as a result of a chemical reaction

Question 16

Protein Enzymes (influence)

Answer 16

speed up reactions without changing (catalysts)

Question 17

Affect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity

Answer 17

colder temperature, less molecular motion, fewer collisions between enzymes and substrate. Enzymes unfold with heat.

Question 18

Affect of pH on Enzyme Activity

Answer 18

enzymes unfold if too low or too high from optimal pH

Question 19

Affect of Activators on Enzyme Activity

Answer 19

speed reaction rate

Question 20

Affect of Inhibitors on Enzyme Activity

Answer 20

lower reaction rate

Question 21

Feedback Inhibition

Answer 21

end product inhibits first enzyme

Question 22

Competitive Inhibitors

Answer 22

bind to the active site and prevent the substrate from binding

Question 23

Non-competitive Inhibitors

Answer 23

bind somewhere else on the enzyme, change the shape of active site, prevent substrate from binding

Question 24

Affect of Enzyme Concentration on Enzyme Activity

Answer 24

raises the rate of enzyme activity until it cannot be raised anymore

Question 25

Affect of Substrate Concentration on Enzyme Activity

Answer 25

raises the rate of enzyme activity until it cannot be raised anymore

Question 26

Reaction that Requires Energy

Answer 26

endergonic reaction

Question 27

Biological

Answer 27

composed of protein