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Biology 3 > Text Chapter 5: Biotechnology > Flashcards

Text Chapter 5: Biotechnology Flashcards

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1
Q

Restriction Enzyme

A

chop up DNA from donor species that exhibits a trait of interest

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2
Q

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

A

amplifies small samples of DNA into more useful quantities

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3
Q

Ligation to Produce Recombinant DNA

A

insert pieces of DNA into bacterial cells or viruses

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4
Q

Ligation to Produce Recombinant DNA

A

insert pieces of DNA into bacterial sells or viruses

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5
Q

Transformation to Produce DNA Library

A

grow separate colonies of bacteria or viruses, each containing some donor DNA

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6
Q

Screening a DNA Library

A

identify colonies of bacteria or viruses that have DNA for a trait of interest

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7
Q

Biotechnology

A

use of living things to provide needed products or processes

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8
Q

DNA Library

A

the group of plasmids that contain all the genes from a single organism

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9
Q

DNA Ligase

A

an enzyme that ‘glues’ DNA, (produces recombinant DNA)

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10
Q

“Knockout” Organism

A

take out a gene from an organism whose function you want to study

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11
Q

Ligation

A

‘gluing’ genes together

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12
Q

Primer

A

starting point for DNA polymerase to make new DNA

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13
Q

Plasmid

A

extrachromosomal, independently replicating, small circular DNA molecule

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14
Q

PCR

A

uses repeated cycles of heating to denature DNA and cooling to synthesize new DNA, uses Taq polymerase (withstands heat) and primers to begin synthesis

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15
Q

Probe

A

sequence of DNA that is complementary to the gene of interest, used to locate a copy of the gene by hybridization

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16
Q

Recombinant DNA

A

DNA produced by joining segments of DNA from different sources

17
Q

Recombinant DNA

A

DNA produced by joining segments of DNA from different sources

18
Q

Restriction Enzyme

A

enzymes that cleave the DNA double helix at specific nucleotide sequences

19
Q

RFLP Analysis

A

use of a probe to identify specific DNA fragments derived from specific enzyme digestion, shows variation in sizes of fragments between different individuals

20
Q

Short Tandem Repeat

A

repeated regions of DNA found in highly variable portions of human chromosomes

21
Q

Sticky End

A

single stranded end to pair single stranded end with opposite type

22
Q

Taq Polymerase

A

DNA polymerase that withstands high heat

23
Q

Transformation

A

introducing recombinant DNA into bacterial cells

24
Q

Transgenic Organism

A

an organism with a gene from another species in all of its cells

25
Q

Vector

A

carrier of DNA, can be virus or plasmids

26
Q

Advantages of PCR

A

amplifies small amounts of DNA, STR’s allow you to distinguish between people

27
Q

Advantages of RFLP Analysis

A

shows variations in sizes of fragments between different individuals, (disadvantage: need more DNA)

28
Q

Agricultural Applications of Biotechnology in Animals

A

animals provide models for human diseases, can produce pharmaceuticals and release them in mild

29
Q

Agricultural Applications of Biotechnology in Plants

A

transgenic plants can resist herbicides and pests and have improved storage qualities and enhanced nutrition

30
Q

Describe how DNA results are used to determine whether a man is the father of a specific child

A

STR’s match half the loci of the child

31
Q

Distinguish between potential crime suspects using DNA fingerprinting by RLFP analysis

A

The number of repeats within an STR region (indicating an individual’s genotype) is determined by comparing the length of the fragments containing that STR’s region to DNA fragments of known lengths

32
Q

Medical Applications of Biotechnology- Theraputics

A

factor VII, HGH, insulin, interferon, vaccine, treats many previously untreatable illnesses

33
Q

Medical Applications of Biotechnology- Gene Testing

A

can identify if an individual has or carries a genetic condition, useful information before having children

34
Q

Medical Applications of Biotechnology- Gene Therapy

A

when an individual receives a gene they are missing, can be life-saving

Biology 3 (27 decks)

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