Text Chapter 5: DNA Function Flashcards
Components of a Nucleotide
phosphate, sugar, nitrogen-contining base
Primary Structure of DNA
chain of nucleotides
Primary Structure of RNA
chain of nucleotides
Secondary Structure of DNA
double helix
Secondary Structure of RNA
single folded chain
DNA Replication
DNA chains separate, each chain is used as a pattern to produce a new chain, each new DNA helix contains one “old” and one “new” chain
RNA Transcription
DNA chains separate, one DNA chain is used as a pattern to produce an RNA chain, RNA chain is released and the DNA chains reform the double-helix
Protein Translation
at the ribosome, codons in mRNA are recognized by tRNA anticodons to place amino acids in the specific sequence specified by the DNA
3 Stages of Protein Translation
initiation, elongation, termination
3 Stages of Protein Translation
initiation, elongation, termination
DNA Polymerase
adds nucleotides to the growing chain in a 5’-> 3’ direction
RNA Polymerase
adds nucleotides to the growing chain in a 5’-> 3’ direction
Base-Pairing Rules that Govern DNA Replication
Pair A with T and G with C to produce the second chain
Base-Pairing Rules that Govern RNA Transcription
same as DNA, but the A from DNA pairs with a U in RNA
Base-Pairing Rules that Govern Codon- Anticodon Recognition in Translation
Pair A with U and G with C- no T
Base-Pairing Rules that Govern Codon- Anticodon Recognition in Translation
Pair A with U and G with C- no T
Function of mRNA in Protein Translation
specifies order of amino acids
Function of tRNA in Protein Translation
carries amino acids
Function of rRNA in Protein Translation
joins with proteins to form ribosome
Function of rRNA in Protein Translation
joins with proteins to form ribosome
Initiation
assemble components to start process
Elongation
add amino acids in repeated cycles
Termination
release protein product
Nature of the Genetic Code
triplet, no spaces
Given a DNA Sequence in one Strand, Determine a DNA Sequence in a Complementary strand
A pairs with T, C pairs with G
Give a DNA Sequence in one Strand, Determine mRNA Sequence Transcribed From the DNA Strand
5’—> 3’, A pairs with T, C pairs with U
Given a DNA Sequence in one Strand, Determine the Sequence of Anticodons Recognizing mRNA Codons
turn the mRNA chain to read 3’—>5’, build the tRNA anticodons (A pairs with T, C pairs with U)
Given a DNA Sequence in one Strand, Determine the Protein Sequence Derived from mRNA
read the codons from 5’—>3’ to get the amino acid names (from codon chart)
Given an mRNA Strand, Determine the DNA Sequence used as the Template for mRNA
from 5’—> 3’ match A with T and G with C
Given an mRNA Strand, Determine the DNA Sequence used as the Template for mRNA
from 5’—> 3’ match A with T and G with C
Given an mRNA Strand, Determine the DNA Sequence in the Non-Template Strand
change U to T, read 3’—> 5’
Given an mRNA Strand, Determine the Sequence of Anticodons Recognizing mRNA Codons
read 3’—> 5’
Given an mRNA Strand, Determine the Protein Sequence Derived from mRNA
codons on the 5’—> 3’
If Given a Protein Sequence, Determine the Sequence of Codons in mRNA
sequence of codons on 5’—> 3’ side
If Given a Protein Sequence, Determine the Sequence of Anticodons Recognizing mRNA Codons
3’—-> 5’ side
If Given a Protein Sequence, Determine the DNA Sequence used as the Template for mRNA
T becomes U on the mRNA strand
If Given a Protein Sequence, Determine the DNA Sequence in the Non-Template Strand
T becomes U on the mRNA strand
