Text Chapter 5: DNA Function

Question 1

Components of a Nucleotide

Answer 1

phosphate, sugar, nitrogen-contining base

Question 2

Primary Structure of DNA

Answer 2

chain of nucleotides

Question 3

Primary Structure of RNA

Answer 3

chain of nucleotides

Question 4

Secondary Structure of DNA

Answer 4

double helix

Question 5

Secondary Structure of RNA

Answer 5

single folded chain

Question 6

DNA Replication

Answer 6

DNA chains separate, each chain is used as a pattern to produce a new chain, each new DNA helix contains one “old” and one “new” chain

Question 7

RNA Transcription

Answer 7

DNA chains separate, one DNA chain is used as a pattern to produce an RNA chain, RNA chain is released and the DNA chains reform the double-helix

Question 8

Protein Translation

Answer 8

at the ribosome, codons in mRNA are recognized by tRNA anticodons to place amino acids in the specific sequence specified by the DNA

Question 9

3 Stages of Protein Translation

Answer 9

initiation, elongation, termination

Question 10

3 Stages of Protein Translation

Answer 10

initiation, elongation, termination

Question 11

DNA Polymerase

Answer 11

adds nucleotides to the growing chain in a 5’-> 3’ direction

Question 12

RNA Polymerase

Answer 12

adds nucleotides to the growing chain in a 5’-> 3’ direction

Question 13

Base-Pairing Rules that Govern DNA Replication

Answer 13

Pair A with T and G with C to produce the second chain

Question 14

Base-Pairing Rules that Govern RNA Transcription

Answer 14

same as DNA, but the A from DNA pairs with a U in RNA

Question 15

Base-Pairing Rules that Govern Codon- Anticodon Recognition in Translation

Answer 15

Pair A with U and G with C- no T

Question 16

Base-Pairing Rules that Govern Codon- Anticodon Recognition in Translation

Answer 16

Pair A with U and G with C- no T

Question 17

Function of mRNA in Protein Translation

Answer 17

specifies order of amino acids

Question 18

Function of tRNA in Protein Translation

Answer 18

carries amino acids

Question 19

Function of rRNA in Protein Translation

Answer 19

joins with proteins to form ribosome

Question 20

Function of rRNA in Protein Translation

Answer 20

joins with proteins to form ribosome

Question 21

Initiation

Answer 21

assemble components to start process

Question 22

Elongation

Answer 22

add amino acids in repeated cycles

Question 23

Termination

Answer 23

release protein product

Question 24

Nature of the Genetic Code

Answer 24

triplet, no spaces

Question 25

Given a DNA Sequence in one Strand, Determine a DNA Sequence in a Complementary strand

Answer 25

A pairs with T, C pairs with G

Question 26

Give a DNA Sequence in one Strand, Determine mRNA Sequence Transcribed From the DNA Strand

Answer 26

5’—> 3’, A pairs with T, C pairs with U

Question 27

Given a DNA Sequence in one Strand, Determine the Sequence of Anticodons Recognizing mRNA Codons

Answer 27

turn the mRNA chain to read 3’—>5’, build the tRNA anticodons (A pairs with T, C pairs with U)

Question 28

Given a DNA Sequence in one Strand, Determine the Protein Sequence Derived from mRNA

Answer 28

read the codons from 5’—>3’ to get the amino acid names (from codon chart)

Question 29

Given an mRNA Strand, Determine the DNA Sequence used as the Template for mRNA

Answer 29

from 5’—> 3’ match A with T and G with C

Question 30

Given an mRNA Strand, Determine the DNA Sequence used as the Template for mRNA

Answer 30

from 5’—> 3’ match A with T and G with C

Question 31

Given an mRNA Strand, Determine the DNA Sequence in the Non-Template Strand

Answer 31

change U to T, read 3’—> 5’

Question 32

Given an mRNA Strand, Determine the Sequence of Anticodons Recognizing mRNA Codons

Answer 32

read 3’—> 5’

Question 33

Given an mRNA Strand, Determine the Protein Sequence Derived from mRNA

Answer 33

codons on the 5’—> 3’

Question 34

If Given a Protein Sequence, Determine the Sequence of Codons in mRNA

Answer 34

sequence of codons on 5’—> 3’ side

Question 35

If Given a Protein Sequence, Determine the Sequence of Anticodons Recognizing mRNA Codons

Answer 35

3’—-> 5’ side

Question 36

If Given a Protein Sequence, Determine the DNA Sequence used as the Template for mRNA

Answer 36

T becomes U on the mRNA strand

Question 37

If Given a Protein Sequence, Determine the DNA Sequence in the Non-Template Strand

Answer 37

T becomes U on the mRNA strand