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Biology 3 > Text Chapter 5: DNA Function > Flashcards

Text Chapter 5: DNA Function Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Components of a Nucleotide

A

phosphate, sugar, nitrogen-contining base

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2
Q

Primary Structure of DNA

A

chain of nucleotides

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3
Q

Primary Structure of RNA

A

chain of nucleotides

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4
Q

Secondary Structure of DNA

A

double helix

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5
Q

Secondary Structure of RNA

A

single folded chain

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6
Q

DNA Replication

A

DNA chains separate, each chain is used as a pattern to produce a new chain, each new DNA helix contains one “old” and one “new” chain

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7
Q

RNA Transcription

A

DNA chains separate, one DNA chain is used as a pattern to produce an RNA chain, RNA chain is released and the DNA chains reform the double-helix

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8
Q

Protein Translation

A

at the ribosome, codons in mRNA are recognized by tRNA anticodons to place amino acids in the specific sequence specified by the DNA

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9
Q

3 Stages of Protein Translation

A

initiation, elongation, termination

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10
Q

3 Stages of Protein Translation

A

initiation, elongation, termination

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11
Q

DNA Polymerase

A

adds nucleotides to the growing chain in a 5’-> 3’ direction

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12
Q

RNA Polymerase

A

adds nucleotides to the growing chain in a 5’-> 3’ direction

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13
Q

Base-Pairing Rules that Govern DNA Replication

A

Pair A with T and G with C to produce the second chain

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14
Q

Base-Pairing Rules that Govern RNA Transcription

A

same as DNA, but the A from DNA pairs with a U in RNA

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15
Q

Base-Pairing Rules that Govern Codon- Anticodon Recognition in Translation

A

Pair A with U and G with C- no T

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16
Q

Base-Pairing Rules that Govern Codon- Anticodon Recognition in Translation

A

Pair A with U and G with C- no T

17
Q

Function of mRNA in Protein Translation

A

specifies order of amino acids

18
Q

Function of tRNA in Protein Translation

A

carries amino acids

19
Q

Function of rRNA in Protein Translation

A

joins with proteins to form ribosome

20
Q

Function of rRNA in Protein Translation

A

joins with proteins to form ribosome

21
Q

Initiation

A

assemble components to start process

22
Q

Elongation

A

add amino acids in repeated cycles

23
Q

Termination

A

release protein product

24
Q

Nature of the Genetic Code

A

triplet, no spaces

25
Q

Given a DNA Sequence in one Strand, Determine a DNA Sequence in a Complementary strand

A

A pairs with T, C pairs with G

26
Q

Give a DNA Sequence in one Strand, Determine mRNA Sequence Transcribed From the DNA Strand

A

5’—> 3’, A pairs with T, C pairs with U

27
Q

Given a DNA Sequence in one Strand, Determine the Sequence of Anticodons Recognizing mRNA Codons

A

turn the mRNA chain to read 3’—>5’, build the tRNA anticodons (A pairs with T, C pairs with U)

28
Q

Given a DNA Sequence in one Strand, Determine the Protein Sequence Derived from mRNA

A

read the codons from 5’—>3’ to get the amino acid names (from codon chart)

29
Q

Given an mRNA Strand, Determine the DNA Sequence used as the Template for mRNA

A

from 5’—> 3’ match A with T and G with C

30
Q

Given an mRNA Strand, Determine the DNA Sequence used as the Template for mRNA

A

from 5’—> 3’ match A with T and G with C

31
Q

Given an mRNA Strand, Determine the DNA Sequence in the Non-Template Strand

A

change U to T, read 3’—> 5’

32
Q

Given an mRNA Strand, Determine the Sequence of Anticodons Recognizing mRNA Codons

A

read 3’—> 5’

33
Q

Given an mRNA Strand, Determine the Protein Sequence Derived from mRNA

A

codons on the 5’—> 3’

34
Q

If Given a Protein Sequence, Determine the Sequence of Codons in mRNA

A

sequence of codons on 5’—> 3’ side

35
Q

If Given a Protein Sequence, Determine the Sequence of Anticodons Recognizing mRNA Codons

A

3’—-> 5’ side

36
Q

If Given a Protein Sequence, Determine the DNA Sequence used as the Template for mRNA

A

T becomes U on the mRNA strand

37
Q

If Given a Protein Sequence, Determine the DNA Sequence in the Non-Template Strand

A

T becomes U on the mRNA strand

Biology 3 (27 decks)

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