Text Chapter 12: Plants Flashcards
Unique Properties of Plants
eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic: photosynthetic, sexual and asexual reproduction, cell wall made of cellulose, usually non-motile except for gametes, adapted to life on land
Common adaptations of plants for living on land
roots and root-like structures, conduction vessels, structural support, waterproof covering, pores for gas and water exchange, mechanisms for protection and dispersal of reproductive products
Components of the Shoot System
leaves, stems, reproductive structures
Components of the Root System
root hairs, root cap
Functions of a Leaf
exposes surface to light, major site of photosynthesis, conserves water, provides for gas exchange
Function of a Stem
holds leaf up to light, transports substances through vascular tissue
Function of a Root
anchors plant in soil, takes up water and minerals from soil, stores food
Order in which Existing Plant Groups Evolved
non-vascular, vascular seedless, gymnosperms, angiosperms
Sporophyte
produces spores by meiosis
Gametophyte
produces spores by mitosis
Mosses
non-vascular (no fluid-conducting vascular system), enclosed reproductive structures, require moist environments
Ferns
vascular seedless, tall leafy diploid sporophyte, haploid gametophyte requires moist environment
Gymnosperms
vascular plants with seeds, pollinated by wind, confiners adapted to cold, dry environment- cones to protect seeds, evergreen, waterproof needle-like leaves, sap doesn’t freeze
Angiosperms
vascular plants with flowers and fruit, broad waterproof leaves, greatly reduced gametophyte (pollen grain and embryo sac with egg), many have animal pollinators and seed distributors, some use wind, seed contains diploid embryo, largest number of species (250,000)
Reproductive Structures for Ferns
gametophyte
