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Biology 3 > Text Chapter 3: Cells > Flashcards

Text Chapter 3: Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

Essential Features of a Cell

A

plasma membrane, genetic material, cytoplasm

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2
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

boundary surrounding the cell

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3
Q

Genetic Material

A

DNA, located in membrane-bound nucleus for eukaryotic cells, nucleoid for prokaryotic cells

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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

semi-fluid matrix containing enzymes (biological catalyst), ribosomes, and organelles in eukaryotes

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5
Q

Bacterial Flagellum

A

movement

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6
Q

Capsule

A

protects from drying, protects against white blood cells

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7
Q

Cell Wall (prokaryotic)

A

supports the cell, maintains shape

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8
Q

Infolded Plasma Membrane (prokaryotic)

A

metabolism, cell division

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9
Q

Nucleoid

A

cytoplasmic region containing the genetic material, DNA

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10
Q

Pilus

A

surface projection used for transfer of genetic material

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11
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

regulates flow of substances in and out of cell

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12
Q

Plasmid

A

small circular DNA, replicates independently, genes for antibiotic resistance

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13
Q

Ribosomes (prokaryotic)

A

produce proteins

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14
Q

Cell Wall (eukaryotic)

A

controls cell shape, protects, supports, made of carbohydrates

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15
Q

Centriole

A

gives rise to basal bodies that produce cilia or flagella

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16
Q

Chloroplast

A

photosynthesis (uses light energy to produce organic molecules in plants and protists)

17
Q

Cilia

A

cell movement in protists and animal sperm, move substances across cell surfaces in lungs and fallopian tubes

18
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

maintains cell shape, allows for cell movement, anchors organelles and proteins, directs transport of materials

19
Q

Flagella

A
20
Q

Golgi Complex

A

collects, modifies, packages, and distributes proteins from RER

21
Q

Lysosome

A

contains digestive enzymes to digest food in protists or destroy aging organelles

22
Q

Microtubules

A

movement of materials within cells, cell movement

23
Q

Mitochondrion

A

produces energy by breaking down organic molecules, found in all eukaryotic cells

24
Q

Nucleolus

A

site of ribosome assembly (inside nucleus)

25
Q

Nucleus

A

carrier of genetic material (DNA+ protein=chromatin), governs cell activities, directs cell reproduction

- surrounded by membrane called nuclear envelope
- contains nucleolus- produces ribosomes
26
Q

Peroxisome

A

removes harmful oxidants from cells

27
Q

Plasma Membrane (eukaryotes)

A

regulates passage of materials, cell-cell recognition

28
Q

Ribosomes (eukaryotes)

A

site of protein synthesis, can be free in the cytoplasm or attached to membranes

29
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

A

produces proteins, prepares proteins for export

30
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

A

lipid synthesis, drug detoxification, transport of proteins from RER

31
Q

Vacuole

A

central vacuole (plants) stores waste and maintains turgidity, contractile vacuole (protists) maintains water balance, food vacuole (protists) fuses with lysosome for digestion

32
Q

Prokaryotic Cells (v. eukaryotic cells)

A

single circular chromosome
chromosome found in cytoplasmic region called nucleoid
no internal membranes, some infolded plasma membranes

33
Q

Eukaryotic Cells (v. prokaryotic cells)

A

multiple linear chromosomes
chromosomes found in a membrane-bound nucleus
extensive network of internal membranes, specialized areas called organelles

34
Q

Endosymbiosis

A

ancestral eukaryotes and prokaryotes come to live in close association, to the benefit of both. Through evolution, the prokaryote became the organelle, such as mitochondrion or chloroplasts, of the larger eukaryotic cell.

35
Q

Invagination

A

the plasma membrane may have folded in on itself to form specialized membranes within the cell, such as the nucleus.

36
Q

Differences between Plant and Animal Cells

A

cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts, cilia and flagella

Biology 3 (27 decks)

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