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Biology 3 > Text Chapter 4: Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Text Chapter 4: Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Light-Dependent “Photo” Reactions

A

energy from light is used to form ATP (energy carrier) and NADPH (electron carrier), occur in photosystems located in thylakoid membranes

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2
Q

Light-Independent “Synthesis” Reactions

A

produce glucose using as a CO2 as a carbon source, occur in stroma of chloroplast, use ATP and NADPH from light-dependent reactions, six turns of the cycle produce one glucose molecule

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3
Q

Mesophyll Cells

A

contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis

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4
Q

Bundle Sheath Cells

A

a layer of cells that form a sheath surrounding the vascular bundles

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5
Q

C3 Pathway

A

CO2 enters the Calvin Cycle to produce glucose

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6
Q

C4 Pathway

A

difference in location) CO2 is incorporated into a 4-Carbon compound in mesophyll cells and released into more interior bundle sheath cells for the Calvin Cycle

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7
Q

CAM Pathway

A

(difference in timing): CO2 incorporated into 4-Carbon compound stored in vacuoles at night and released for Calvin Cycle during the day

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8
Q

Thylakoid

A

location of “photo” reactions, where light is converted into chemical energy

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9
Q

Stroma

A

location of “synthesis” reactions, where chemical energy from the “photo” reactions is used to synthesize sugars

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10
Q

Chlorophyll a and b

A

major photosynthetic pigments, absorb violet, blue, and red wavelengths, reflect green

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11
Q

Carotenoids

A

absorb blue and green wavelengths, reflect red, yellow, and orange

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12
Q

ATP

A

energy carrier

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13
Q

NADPH

A

electron carrier

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14
Q

Rubisco

A

most abundant enzyme on earth- plucks carbon atoms from CO2 molecules in the air (during fixation)

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15
Q

ATP Synthase

A

transfers hydrogen ions from the thylakoid back into the stroma as ATP

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16
Q

Photosystem

A

a biochemical mechanism in plants by which chlorophyll absorbs light energy for photosynthesis

17
Q

Light-Harvesting Complex

A

water is split to supply new electrons, light energy boosts an electron into the reaction center for transport into the electron transport chain

18
Q

Primary Electron Acceptor

A

first molecule in the electron transport chain to accept the electron and pass it along

19
Q

Electron Transport Chain

A

series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane.

20
Q

Carbon Fixation

A

the enzyme Rubisco plucks Carbon atoms from CO2 molecules in the air. The carbon atoms are attached to an organic molecule

21
Q

Sugar Creation

A

modifying the organic molecule into a 3-carbon sugar

22
Q

Regeneration

A

some molecules of G3P are used to regenerate the original organic molecule, using original energy for ATP

23
Q

Water-Splitting Photosystem

A

light energy is used to transfer electrons to primary electron acceptor and go down the electron transport chain. Electrons donated by water. ATP is built by the release of hydrogen ions in the thylakoid

24
Q

NADPH-Producing Photosystem

A

identical to water-splitting photosystem, except that electrons are donated by the electron transport chain. High-energy electrons are passed to NADP+, creating NADPH

25
Q

Importance of Pigments and Photosystems in Photosynthesis

A

light-dependent (“photo”) reactions occur in photosystems located in thylakoid membranes. Organized array of pigment molecules, each photosystem contains a light-harvesting complex with a reaction center and an electron transport system ——-pigments capture light of a certain wavelength

26
Q

Chemiosmosis in Chloroplasts

A

diffusion of protons through channel in ATP synthase gives energy for ATP synthesis

27
Q

Significance of C3 or Carbon-Fixing Reactions

A

make carbohydrates, energy efficient

28
Q

Cellular Respiration v. Photosynthesis

A

Cellular respiration starts with glucose and ends with CO2 and water, occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria
Photosynthesis starts with CO2, ends with glucose, occurs in chloroplast

29
Q

Based on the Lab, Factors that can increase the Rate of Photosynthesis

A

light, CO2

30
Q

Reactions that use Water

A

light-dependent reactions AND light-independent reactions

31
Q

Reactions that Release Oxygen

A

light-dependent “photo” reactions

32
Q

Reactions that use Energy from ATP

A

light-independent “synthesis” reactions

Biology 3 (27 decks)

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