Text Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Water

Question 1

Element

Answer 1

substance that cannot be broken down to another substance with different properties

Question 2

Atom

Answer 2

smallest unit that has characteristic properties of the element

Question 3

Molecule

Answer 3

Two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds

Question 4

Composition of an Atom

Answer 4

Nucleus: protons, neutrons

Each electron circles the nucleus in an orbit representing a specific energy level

Question 5

Atomic Number

Answer 5

number of protons

Question 6

Atomic Mass

Answer 6

number of protons+ number of neutrons

Question 7

Electron Distribution

Answer 7

Energy Level 1: 2 electrons
Energy Level 2: 8 electrons
Energy Level 3: 8 electrons

Question 8

Electron

Answer 8

negatively charged particle (number of electrons=number of protons)

Question 9

Proton

Answer 9

positively charged particle (number of protons equal number of electrons)

Question 10

Cohesion

Answer 10

the ability of water molecules to bond to each other

Question 11

Adhesion

Answer 11

water molecules associate with other (non-water) molecules or surfaces

Question 12

Ionic Bond

Answer 12

one atom loses an electron, another gains an electron *strongest bond

Question 13

Covalent Bond

Answer 13

atoms share electrons

Question 14

Polar-Covalent Bond

Answer 14

atoms share electrons unequally

Question 15

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 15

covalently bound hydrogen is attracted to another atom *weakest bond

Question 16

Due to Hydrogen Bonding, Water shows:

Answer 16

surface tension (cohesion), capillary action (adhesion), resists temperature change

Question 17

According to the pH scale:

Answer 17

Acidic is closest to 0, pH+>pOH-
Neutral= 7, pH+=pOH-
Basic is closest to 14, pOH->pH+

Question 18

Water has High Values for

Answer 18

specific heat, heat of vaporization

Question 19

Specific Heat

Answer 19

heat needed to change temperature

Question 20

Heat of Vaporization

Answer 20

heat needed to convert liquid to gas