Text Chapter 14: Ecology- Populations

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

individuals of one special that occupy a given environment

Question 2

Community

Answer 2

all populations in a common environment

Question 3

Ecosystem

Answer 3

organisms in a community plus nonliving factors

Question 4

Biosphere

Answer 4

zones of air, land, and water at earth’s surface occupied by living things

Question 5

Density-Dependent Factors

Answer 5

related to the number of individuals per given area- reduced food supply due to competition, decreased habitat for living and breeding, increased risk of parasitism and disease, increased risk of predation

Question 6

Density-Independent Factors

Answer 6

weather and natural disasters, human activities- habitat destruction, pollution

Question 7

Exponential Growth

Answer 7

J-curve, continuously accelerating, increase in population size when growth has few, if any limits, affected by start of reproduction, part of a boom-and-bust cycle

Question 8

Logistic Growth

Answer 8

S-curve, population stabilizes at carrying capacity

Question 9

Boon-and-Bust Cycles

Answer 9

exponential growth when conditions are good (boom), population rapidly declines when conditions are bad (bust)

Question 10

Predator-Prey Population Cycles

Answer 10

predator and prey follow the same cycle

Question 11

Early Loss

Answer 11

greatest mortality in early life, many offspring produced

Question 12

Constant Loss

Answer 12

constant mortality regardless of age

Question 13

Late Loss

Answer 13

greatest survival in early and middle-life, rapid decline in survival in later life

Question 14

R-Selected

Answer 14

related to growth rate, weeds and insects, exponential growth, many offspring, small offspring, rapid maturation, little to no parental care, reproduce once per lifetime

Question 15

K-Selected

Answer 15

related to carrying capacity, mammals, logistic curve, few offspring, large offspring, slow maturation, extensive parental care, reproduce multiple times

Question 16

Factors that Influence Population Growth

Answer 16

growth rate = r x N where r = birth rate - death rate and N = number of individuals in the population at the current time

Question 17

Carrying Capacity

Answer 17

maximum population size indefinitely supported by available resources,
determined by sustained availability of renewable resources such as nutrients, water, and light, and space, influenced by both density-dependent and density-independent limiting factors

Question 18

Growth Curve of Developing Countries

Answer 18

pyramid shape- expanding

Question 19

Growth Curve of Developed Countries

Answer 19

stable