Text Chapter 10: Speciation

Question 1

Speciation Depends on

Answer 1

isolation (lack of gene flow), genetic divergence

Question 2

Adaptive Radiation

Answer 2

one species gives rise to many new species in a short period of time

Question 3

Extinction

Answer 3

death of all members of a species

Question 4

Microevolution

Answer 4

change within a population or species

Question 5

Macroevolution

Answer 5

change to a new population or species

Question 6

Coevolution

Answer 6

species adjust together to maintain relationship

Question 7

Convergent Evolution

Answer 7

similar phenotypes arise in unrelated species as a result of environmental similarities

Question 8

Divergent Evolution

Answer 8

different phenotypes arise as related species encounter environmental similarities

Question 9

Allopatric Speciation

Answer 9

occurs a result of geographical isolation, one group separates from the population, separate evolutionary pressures cause different genetic changes in both groups, most common mechanism

Question 10

Sympatric Speciation

Answer 10

occurs in the same location, due to ecological isolation or polyploidy

Question 11

Speciation by Polyploidy

Answer 11

occurs for plants that have a sudden change in numbers of chromosome sets (chromosomes duplicate but do not separate, continued breeding with the offspring of a plant whose chromosomes duplicated but did not separate)

Question 12

Premating Isolating Mechanism

Answer 12

prevent mating between individuals of different species

Question 13

Postmating Isolating Mechanism

Answer 13

interferes with development, viability, or fertility, or offspring from matings between species

Question 14

Behavioral Isolation (Premating Isolating Mechanism)

Answer 14

species-specific signals and elaborate behaviors to attract mates

Question 15

Ecological Isolation (Premating Isolating Mechanism)

Answer 15

difference in way of life

Question 16

Ecological Isolation (Premating Isolating Mechanism)

Answer 16

difference in way of life

Question 17

Geographical Isolation (Premating Isolating Mechanism)

Answer 17

the separation of two populations of the same species or breeding group by a physical barrier

Question 18

Mechanical Isolation (Premating Isolating Mechanism)

Answer 18

differences in structure of sexual organs

Question 19

Temporal Isolation (Premating Isolating Mechanism)

Answer 19

difference in timing

Question 20

Gametic Incompatibility (Postmating Isolating Mechanism)

Answer 20

the sperm of one species will not fertilize the egg of another species

Question 21

Hybrid Invariability (Postmating Isolating Mechanism)

Answer 21

hybrids between two species do not survive

Question 22

Hybrid Infertility (Postmating Isolating Mechanism)

Answer 22

hybrid is sterile

Question 23

Factors that can Lead to Adaptive Radiation

Answer 23

mass extinction, colonization events, evolutionary innovations

Question 24

Factors that Lead to Extinction

Answer 24

localized distribution of a species, overspecialization, competition, habitat change and destruction