Test 79-80: cardio embryology/physiology Flashcards
Tetralogy of Fallot is caused by what
anteriosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Most common cause of early childhood cyanosis
Tetralogy of Fallot
What maneuver does a child do to for Tetralogy of fallot
squatting
- increase after load
- decreases right to left shunt
Anomalous pulmonary venous return
- blood from both pulmonary ( oxygenated) and systemic (deoxygenated) venous systems flow into right atrium
Endocardial cushion defect causes what
atrioventricular septum and valves
Linear development of aorticopulomnary septum causes what
transposition of great arteries
An echocardiogram shows an aorta lying anterior to pulmonary artery is diagnostic for what
transposition of great arteries
What causes hypospadias
failure of urethral folds to fuse
Failure of conotruncal separation results in
truncus arteriosus
What causes patent foramen ovale
failure of septum premium and septum secundum to fuse after birth
What is the difference between atrial septal defect and foramen ovale
atrial septal defect: septa missing tissue
Foramen ovale: not fusing
Nerve and structure for aortic arch 1
Trigeminal
Maxillary artery
nerve and structure for aortic arch 2
Facial
Stapedial artery
nerve and structure for aortic arch 3
Glossopharyngeal
Common carotid artery
Prox. internal carotid artery
nerve and structure for 4 aortic arch
superior laryngeal branch of vagus
- true aortic arch
- subclavian arteries
nerve and structure for aortic arch 5
obliterated
nerve and structure for aortic arch 6
Reccurent laryngeal branch of vagus
pulmonary arteries
ductus arteriosus
Nitroprusside impact on preload, after load, and Stroke volume
decrease preload and after load
- same stroke volume
How does exercise impact inotropy and TPR
increases ionotropy and decreases TPR to maximize cardiac output
How do vasopressors impact on TPR
Increase TPR
Effect of substance A and B together equal to sum of their individual drugs
addtitive
Presence of substance A is required for full effects of substance B
Permissive
Effect of substance A and B together is greater than the sum of their individual effects
Synergistic
Acute decrease in response to a drug after initial/repeated administration
tachyphylactic
rank the cardiac action potential conduction speed from slowest to fastest
Park at Ventura Avenue
- Purkenje
- Atrial
- Ventricle
- AV node
Bounding femoral pulses and carotid pulsations accompanied by head bobbing is what valve problem
aortic regurgitation
Holosystolic murmur that increase in intensity in inpsiration more likely is what valve problem
tricuspid regurgitation
MOA for Ivabradine
- slows heart rate
- no effect on cardiac contractility
- inhibits funny sodium channels
