Test 77: Musculo Flashcards
Fas receptor initiates what pathway
extrinsic pathway of apoptosis
Fas-FasL is necessary for what process
thymic medullary negative selection
Brith defect with maternal diabetes
- Caudal regression syndrome
- congenital heart defect
- neural tube defects
- macrosomia
What is caudal regression syndrome
- anal atresia
- sirenomelia
- flaccid paralysis of legs
- urinary incontenance
vegans are at risk for what vitamin deficiency
B12
Where does posterior cruciate ligament insert and orginiate
- origin: anterolateral surface of medial femoral condyle
- inserts: posterior intercondylar area of tibia
lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) is cause by overuse of what
extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi radialis brevis and extensor digitorum are involved in what hand function
wrist extension
Alkaptonuria is a deficiency in what
homogentisic acid deoxygenate
Homogentisic acid deoxygenate does what
tyrosine metabolism
Excess homogentisc acid have what physical characteristics
- blue-black deposits in connective tissues/eye
- ear cartilage hyperpigmentaion
- osteoarthropathy of spine and large joints
What are serum values for primary osteoporosis
Calcium, phosphorus and PTH are normal
Prophylatic therapy for gout is
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors
- allopurinal and febuxastat
MOA for Infliximab
anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody
Gram negative, oxidase positive, nonlactose fermetning, motile rods that produce green pigment
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
How is vertebral osteomyelitis diagnosed
MRI of spine
Parvovirus can mimic what other disease
rheumatoid arthritis
Primary mechanism in giant cell arteritis
Cell-mediated immunity
- production of cytokines like IL-6
patient with headaches, visual and muscular symptoms , and enlarged temporal artery and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate has what
giant cell arteritis
how do androgens make acne
stimulate follicular epidermal hyperproliferation and excessive sebum production
Chronic or recurrent glucocorticoid use, as in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, is associated with side effect
osteoporosis
Bone specific alkaline phosphatase reflects what acitivty
osteoblastic activity
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, urinary hydroxyproline, and urinary deoxypyridinoline reflect what activity? which one is more reliable
osteoclast activity
- urine deoxypyridinoline
Baby develops constipation, lethargy, hypotonia, macroglassia, an umbilical hernia, and large anterior fontanelle?
congenital hypothyroidism
ATP binding to myosin causes what
release of myosin head from its binding site on actin filament
MOA of Fluoxetine
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Most common cause of death in Marfan
cardiovascular complicatons
- aortic root dilation, dissection and rupture
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a defect in what
encoding type I collagen
2nd line agent for treating acute gouty arthritis
Colchicine
MOA for Colchicine
inhibits tubulin polymerization and microtubule formation in leukocytes
Side effects of Colchicine
nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
MOA for Probenecid
decreases proximal tubular uric acid reabsorption
Long term use proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole may be associated with increased risk of
- osteoporotic hip fractures
- C. difficile infection
- pneumonia
protein A is virulence factor for what? where is it located
- Staphylococcus aureus
- peptidoglycan cell wall
MOA of protein A
binds Fc-IgG
-decrease complement, opsonization and phagocytosis
equation for case-fatality rate
- dividing number of fatal cases by total number of people with disease
First line treatment for rheumatoid artheritis
Methotrexate
side effect of Hydroxychloroquine
irreversible retinopathy
Patient has acute joint pain, swelling, and erythema with restricted range of motion is consistent with
synovitis
What is found in CREST syndrome
- calcinosis
- Raynaud’s phenomenon
- Esophageal dysmotility
- Sclerodactyly
- telangiectasias
What antibody is found in CREST
anti-centromere antibodies
Anti-DNA topoisomerase antibodies are specific for what disease
systemic sclerosis
sclerodactyly
thickening of the skin of the hands and feet
Anti-ds DNA specefic for
SLE
Anti-histone antibodies found in
drug-induced lupus
Anti-RO/SSA and anti La/SSB found in
Sjogren syndrome
H band is what region
only thick filaments
Where is supraspinatous tendon located
acromion and head of humorous
Antimitochondiral antibodies are found in who
primary biliary cirrhosis
fracture hook of hamate is what nerve
ulnar nerve
What is contracture
during wound healing, excessive metalloproteinase and myofibroblast accumulation in wound
Triad for McCune-Albright syndrome
- fibrous dysplasia of bone
- endocrine abnormalities
- cafe-au-lait spots
Patient has severe left pain, hyperthyroidism, shows large hyper pigmented macules with irregular borders located on left shoulder.
McCune-Albright syndrome
Osteocytes talk to each other via
gap junctions
