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Uworld_sitr > Test 77: Musculo > Flashcards

Test 77: Musculo Flashcards

1
Q

Fas receptor initiates what pathway

A

extrinsic pathway of apoptosis

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2
Q

Fas-FasL is necessary for what process

A

thymic medullary negative selection

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3
Q

Brith defect with maternal diabetes

A
  • Caudal regression syndrome
  • congenital heart defect
  • neural tube defects
  • macrosomia
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4
Q

What is caudal regression syndrome

A
  • anal atresia
  • sirenomelia
  • flaccid paralysis of legs
  • urinary incontenance
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5
Q

vegans are at risk for what vitamin deficiency

A

B12

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6
Q

Where does posterior cruciate ligament insert and orginiate

A
  • origin: anterolateral surface of medial femoral condyle

- inserts: posterior intercondylar area of tibia

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7
Q

lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) is cause by overuse of what

A

extensor carpi radialis brevis

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8
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis and extensor digitorum are involved in what hand function

A

wrist extension

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9
Q

Alkaptonuria is a deficiency in what

A

homogentisic acid deoxygenate

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10
Q

Homogentisic acid deoxygenate does what

A

tyrosine metabolism

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11
Q

Excess homogentisc acid have what physical characteristics

A
  • blue-black deposits in connective tissues/eye
  • ear cartilage hyperpigmentaion
  • osteoarthropathy of spine and large joints
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12
Q

What are serum values for primary osteoporosis

A

Calcium, phosphorus and PTH are normal

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13
Q

Prophylatic therapy for gout is

A

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors

- allopurinal and febuxastat

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14
Q

MOA for Infliximab

A

anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody

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15
Q

Gram negative, oxidase positive, nonlactose fermetning, motile rods that produce green pigment

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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16
Q

How is vertebral osteomyelitis diagnosed

A

MRI of spine

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17
Q

Parvovirus can mimic what other disease

A

rheumatoid arthritis

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18
Q

Primary mechanism in giant cell arteritis

A

Cell-mediated immunity

- production of cytokines like IL-6

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19
Q

patient with headaches, visual and muscular symptoms , and enlarged temporal artery and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate has what

A

giant cell arteritis

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20
Q

how do androgens make acne

A

stimulate follicular epidermal hyperproliferation and excessive sebum production

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21
Q

Chronic or recurrent glucocorticoid use, as in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, is associated with side effect

A

osteoporosis

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22
Q

Bone specific alkaline phosphatase reflects what acitivty

A

osteoblastic activity

23
Q

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, urinary hydroxyproline, and urinary deoxypyridinoline reflect what activity? which one is more reliable

A

osteoclast activity

- urine deoxypyridinoline

24
Q

Baby develops constipation, lethargy, hypotonia, macroglassia, an umbilical hernia, and large anterior fontanelle?

A

congenital hypothyroidism

25
Q

ATP binding to myosin causes what

A

release of myosin head from its binding site on actin filament

26
Q

MOA of Fluoxetine

A

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

27
Q

Most common cause of death in Marfan

A

cardiovascular complicatons

- aortic root dilation, dissection and rupture

28
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a defect in what

A

encoding type I collagen

29
Q

2nd line agent for treating acute gouty arthritis

A

Colchicine

30
Q

MOA for Colchicine

A

inhibits tubulin polymerization and microtubule formation in leukocytes

31
Q

Side effects of Colchicine

A

nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

32
Q

MOA for Probenecid

A

decreases proximal tubular uric acid reabsorption

33
Q

Long term use proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole may be associated with increased risk of

A
  • osteoporotic hip fractures
  • C. difficile infection
  • pneumonia
34
Q

protein A is virulence factor for what? where is it located

A
  • Staphylococcus aureus

- peptidoglycan cell wall

35
Q

MOA of protein A

A

binds Fc-IgG

-decrease complement, opsonization and phagocytosis

36
Q

equation for case-fatality rate

A
  • dividing number of fatal cases by total number of people with disease
37
Q

First line treatment for rheumatoid artheritis

A

Methotrexate

38
Q

side effect of Hydroxychloroquine

A

irreversible retinopathy

39
Q

Patient has acute joint pain, swelling, and erythema with restricted range of motion is consistent with

A

synovitis

40
Q

What is found in CREST syndrome

A
  • calcinosis
  • Raynaud’s phenomenon
  • Esophageal dysmotility
  • Sclerodactyly
  • telangiectasias
41
Q

What antibody is found in CREST

A

anti-centromere antibodies

42
Q

Anti-DNA topoisomerase antibodies are specific for what disease

A

systemic sclerosis

43
Q

sclerodactyly

A

thickening of the skin of the hands and feet

44
Q

Anti-ds DNA specefic for

A

SLE

45
Q

Anti-histone antibodies found in

A

drug-induced lupus

46
Q

Anti-RO/SSA and anti La/SSB found in

A

Sjogren syndrome

47
Q

H band is what region

A

only thick filaments

48
Q

Where is supraspinatous tendon located

A

acromion and head of humorous

49
Q

Antimitochondiral antibodies are found in who

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

50
Q

fracture hook of hamate is what nerve

A

ulnar nerve

51
Q

What is contracture

A

during wound healing, excessive metalloproteinase and myofibroblast accumulation in wound

52
Q

Triad for McCune-Albright syndrome

A
  1. fibrous dysplasia of bone
  2. endocrine abnormalities
  3. cafe-au-lait spots
53
Q

Patient has severe left pain, hyperthyroidism, shows large hyper pigmented macules with irregular borders located on left shoulder.

A

McCune-Albright syndrome

54
Q

Osteocytes talk to each other via

A

gap junctions

Uworld_sitr (42 decks)

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