Cardiology_2 Flashcards
Murmur sound for ASD
Fixed splitting if s2
Vsd murmur sound
Holosystolic murmur at the left eternal border
Mitral stenosis murmur
Mid diastolic low pitched rumbling murmur that has a beginning opening snap sound
PDA MURMUR SOUND
Continuous machine like murmur during systole and diastole
Bicuspid aorta murmur sound
Early systolic high frequency click in right second interspace
What is the best indicator of the severity of mitral stenosis
The time between A2 and the opening snap
Tool used to measure mitral stenosis
2-D Doppler ECG
A2-OS INTERVAL that is short means what
The mitral valve stenosis is severe
Name some medicines that cause negative chronotropy
Beta blockers Non dihydropyridiens Digoxin Amiodarone and sotalol Pilocarpine and rivastigmine (ACh agonist)
What is the problem with people taking b blockers and nd calcium blockers tighter
Together they can cause a very slow heart rate and low blood pressure!
Main action of ACEI
Vasodilation(reflex tachy can occur)
Squatting in people with TOF does what
Increases systemic vascular resistance causing blood from RV to go to pulmonic trunk and decreases right to left shunting
Explain the process of pulsus paradoxus
Normally when you inspire you increase venous return to the right heart. The eighth ventricular will then expand into the pericardial space to accommodate the blood. But in the case of hinge like cardiac tamponade where there is no room for this expansion, the right ventricle will push the IV septum towards the left heart decreasing the EDV in the left heart, with a decreases in systolic pressure during inspiration!
What separates homocysteineinuria from Marfans
Intellectual disability Thrombosis Downward lens dislocation instead of upward Megaloblastic anemia Fair complexion
Endocardial thickening and fibrosis of tricuspid and pulmonary valves usually limited to the right heart are characteristic for what
Carcinoid heart disease
What urine test should be gotten to determine carcinoid heart disease
5-HIAA hydroxyindoleacetic acid (end product of serotonin)
Where does abdominal aortic aneurysm usually occur
Under the renal arteries
Transmural inflammation of the abdominal wall represents
AAA
Cystic medial degeneration of the aortic root is common in?
Marfans
Deep tissue bruising
Prolonged PT
Henarthroses
Factor 7 deficient
Complete atrioventricular canal defect is common in who
Downs people
Digeorg is associated with what three things
TOF
Truncus arteriosus
Transposition of the vessels
Mutation in frataxin, seen in
Friedrich ataxia
High arches
HCOM
KYOHOSCOLIOSIA
Spinocerebellar tract degeneration
Fried rich ataxia
A conclusion that there is no difference between the groups stuidies when a difference truly exists
Beta error
Inaccurate recall of past exposure by subjects
Recall bias
Thickened valve leaflets with multiple small vegetations on both surfaces
Libmann sacks endocarditis (SLE)
Myxomas are composed of what kind of cells
Scattered cells within a mucopolusaccharide stoma
Diphtheria infection can cause complication in what two organs
Brain and heart
Diphtheria toxoid vaccine produces what effect
Circulating IgG against exotoxin B subunit of diphtheria, preventing disease
Ongoing intamil inflammation of atheroma can destabilize the mechanical problems integrity of the plaque through the release of what by macrophages
Metalloproteinases
