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Biology 107 > Test 4 - Topic 21 > Flashcards

Test 4 - Topic 21 Flashcards

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1
Q

_________ Reproduction - One parent produces clones

A

Asexual

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2
Q

_________ Reproduction - Two parents, variations with traits from both parents

A

Sexual

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3
Q

-Difficulties of reproducing sexually-

_________ - Gametes must be mature and available at the same time

A

Timing

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4
Q

-Difficulties of reproducing sexually-

–Fertilization

_________ Fertilization - Sperm and egg fused outside of body, many many gametes released at same time, most are not fertilized

A

External

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5
Q

-Difficulties of reproducing sexually-

–Fertilization

External Fertilization - Sperm and egg fused outside of _________, many many gametes released at same time, most are not _________

A
  • body

- fertilized

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6
Q

-Difficulties of reproducing sexually-

–Fertilization

_________ Fertilization - Must be elaborate reproductive system for the delivery and reception of sperm and the development of offspring

A

Internal

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7
Q

-Difficulties of reproducing sexually-

–Fertilization

Internal Fertilization - Must be _________ reproductive system for the delivery and reception of _________ and the development of offspring

A
  • elaborate

- sperm

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8
Q

-Difficulties of reproducing sexually-

Energy needs to be set aside for nourishing the _________ (__types of eggs)

A
  • offspring

- 3

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9
Q

_________ - Offspring are born or hatched early before they are fully formed and live as larva

A

Eggs with little yolk

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10
Q

_________ - Have energy for offspring so offspring are hatched much more developed

A

Bird eggs

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11
Q

_________ - Mammals, eggs with no stored energy

A

Eggs with no yolk

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12
Q

-Stages of development-

Step 1)
Sperm and _________ are formed and _________ within the parents

A
  • eggs

- mature

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13
Q

-Stages of development-

Step 2)
_________ begins - As the sperm starts to penetrate the egg and is completed when the _________ nucleus fuses with the _________ nucleus

A
  • Fertilizations
  • sperm
  • egg
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14
Q

-Stages of development-

Step 3)
Next there are many repeated _________ divisions

A

mitotic

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15
Q

-Stages of development-

Step 4)
Eventually the _________ begins to increase in size and three (_________) germ layers form

i. Endoderm (within) - Middle, center of embryo, develops into digestive system
ii. Mesoderm - Between other two layers, develop into skeletal and muscle systems
iii. Ectoderm - Outside, becomes skin

A
  • embryo

- embryonic layers

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16
Q

-Stages of development-

Step 4)
Eventually the embryo begins to increase in size and three (embryonic layers) germ layers form

i. _________ - Middle, center of embryo, develops into digestive system
ii. _________ - Between other two layers, develop into skeletal and muscle systems
iii. _________ - Outside, becomes skin

A
  • Endoderm (within)
  • Mesoderm
  • Ectoderm
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17
Q

i. Endoderm - Middle, center of _________, develops into digestive system
ii. Mesoderm - Between other two layers, develop into _________ and muscle systems
iii. Ectoderm - Outside, becomes _________

A
  • embryo
  • skeletal
  • skin
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18
Q

-Stages of development-

Step 5)
The _________ layers develop into - Tissue and into _________

A
  • germ

- organs

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19
Q

-Stages of development-

Step 6)
Finally the _________ acquire - Their functions

A

-organs

20
Q

-Stages of development-

Step __)
Sperm and eggs are formed and mature within the parents

A

1

21
Q

-Stages of development-

Step __)
Fertilizations begins - As the sperm starts to penetrate the egg and is completed when the sperm nucleus fuses with the egg nucleus

A

2

22
Q

-Stages of development-

Step __)
Next there are many repeated mitotic divisions

A

3

23
Q

-Stages of development-

Step __)
Eventually the embryo begins to increase in size and three (embryonic layers) germ layers form

A

4

24
Q

-Stages of development-

Step __)
The germ layers develop into - Tissue and into organs

A

5

25
Q

-Stages of development-

Step __)
Finally the organs acquire - Their functions

A

6

26
Q

Fertilization to birth

  1. Fertilization
  2. Only one sperm will successfully enter the _________ of the egg cell (_________)
A
  • cytoplasm

- first there

27
Q
  • Implantation-
    1. In the first few days after - The _________ moves down into the uterus
    2. By the time the zygote reaches the uterus it is a solid mass of cells - and is considered an _________
    3. After the first week - Embryo becomes attached to _________ wall
A
  • zygote
  • embryo
  • uterus
28
Q

_________ -

  1. In the first few days after - The zygote moves down into the uterus
  2. By the time the zygote reaches the uterus it is a solid mass of cells - and is considered an embryo
  3. After the first week - Embryo becomes attached to uterus wall
A

Implantation

29
Q

_________ - Organ of exchange between developing embryo and the mother made of fetal and material tissue

A

Placenta

30
Q

Placenta - Organ of exchange between developing _________ and the mother made of fetal and material _________

A
  • embryo

- tissue

31
Q

Embryonic/fetal growth - (__ months each in humans)

A

3

32
Q

-Embryonic/fetal growth-

_________-

i. First 1/3 of pregnancy
ii. Time of rapid growth
iii. By the time this trimester is over all of the major organs are formed including arms, legs, fingers, toes

A

First trimester

33
Q

-Embryonic/fetal growth-

–First trimester

i. First ___ of pregnancy
ii. Time of rapid _________
iii. By the time this trimester is over all of the major _________ are formed including arms, legs, fingers, toes

A
  • 1/3
  • growth
  • organs
34
Q

-Embryonic/fetal growth-

_________-

i. Middle third of pregnancy
ii. Development slows but continues
iii. Organs begin to acquire their functions

A

Second trimester

35
Q

-Embryonic/fetal growth-

–Second trimester

i. Middle third of _________
ii. _________ slows but continues
iii. Organs begin to _________ their functions

A
  • pregnancy
  • Development
  • acquire
36
Q

-Embryonic/fetal growth-

_________-

i. Last third of pregnancy
ii. Middle of this trimester is earliest birth can take place with survival on its own

A

Third trimester

37
Q

-Embryonic/fetal growth-

–Third trimester

i. Last _________ of pregnancy
ii. Middle of this trimester is earliest birth can take place with _________ on its own

A
  • third

- survival

38
Q
  • Stages of postnatal development-

1) _________ - First two weeks of life

A

New born

39
Q
  • Stages of postnatal development-

2) _________ - From two weeks old to two years old

A

Infant

40
Q
  • Stages of postnatal development-

3) _________ - From two years until beginning of puberty

A

Child

41
Q
  • Stages of postnatal development-

4) _________ - Individual actively going through puberty , acquiring sexual maturity

A

Pubescent

42
Q
  • Stages of postnatal development-

5) _________ - Time immediately after puberty where individual is figuring out what happened during puberty

A

Adolescent

43
Q
  • Stages of postnatal development-

6) _________

A

Adult

44
Q
  • Stages of postnatal development-

7) No longer _________, only aging

A

developing

45
Q
  • Aging Process-
    1. Slowing of _________
    2. Slowing or loss of organ function
    3. Loss of _________ tone
    4. Loss of hair, teeth, skin elasticity, memory
A
  • metabolism

- muscle

46
Q
  • Aging Process-
    1. Slowing of metabolism
    2. Slowing or loss of _________ function
    3. Loss of muscle tone
    4. Loss of hair, _________, skin elasticity, _________
A
  • organ
  • teeth
  • memory
47
Q

The causes of aging are not known, influenced by..

  1. _________
  2. _________
A
  • Environment

- Genetics

Biology 107 (19 decks)

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