Test 3 - Topic 15 Flashcards
_________ - An association of interacting populations of different species living in a particular habitat
Community
Community - An association of interacting populations of different _________ living in a particular _________
- species
- habitat
_________ - Where an organism lives
Habitat
- Factors that affect the habitat-
- Interactions between the _________ and _________ (lay of the land)
- Availability of _________
- climate
- topography
- food
- Factors that affect the habitat-
- Adaptive traits which enables the _________ to exploit the _________
- Interactions between individual members of the _________
- individuals
- resources
- community
- Factors that affect the habitat-
- Physical _________ (fire, tornado, roads)
- Immigration
- Episodes of _________
- disturbances
- extinction
A. Interactions between the climate and topography (lay of the land)
B. Availability of food
C. Adaptive traits which enables the individuals to exploit the resources
D. Interactions between individual members of the community
E. Physical disturbances (fire, tornado, roads)
F. Immigration
G. Episodes of extinction
These are all:
-Factors that affect the habitat-
_________ : Where it lives and what its doing
Niche
Each and every species has its own _________ - Which is defined by the relationships with other _________
- niche
- organisms
_________ - address and occupation of the species
Niche
_________ - Full range of physical and biological conditions under which individuals live and reproduce
Niche
_________ can occur between any two species in a community and between entire _________
- Interactions
- communities
-Types of species-
_________ - Neither species is affected by the other
Neutral
-Types of species-
Neutral - Neither _________ is affected by the other
species
-Types of species-
_________ - Where one species benefits and the other is not affected (bird building nest in tree)
Commensalism
-Types of species-
Commensalism - Where one species _________ and the other is _________ affected (bird building nest in tree)
- benefits
- not
-Types of species-
_________ (symbiotic relationship)- Both species benefit
Mutualism
-Types of species-
Mutualism (symbiotic relationship)- Both species _________
benefit
-Types of species-
_________ - Both species lose/harmed - Resources disappear quickly
Competition
-Types of species-
Competition - Both species _________ /harmed - Resources _________ quickly
- lose
- disappear
-Types of species-
_________ - One benefits, predator - One Harmed, prey
Predation
-Types of species-
Predation - One _________ , predator - One _________, prey
- benefits
- Harmed
-Types of species-
_________ - Parasite benefits, the host is harmed
Parasitism
-Types of species-
Parasitism - Parasite _________ , the _________ is harmed
- benefits
- host
_________ competition - Competition Within Species
Intraspecific
(_________ means within)
Intra
_________ competition:
- Most fierce type of competition
- Resources disappear quickly
Intraspecific
_________ competition - Competition Between species
Interspecific
(_________ means outer)
Inter
_________ competition - All individuals have equal access to a resource but differ in their ability to exploit that resource (speed & efficiency matters)
Exploitation
Exploitation competition - All individuals have _________ access to a resource but differ in their ability to _________ that resource (speed & efficiency matters)
- equal
- exploit
_________ competition - Some individuals limit others access to the resource (Sets up territory and defends it)
Interference
Interference competition - Some individuals _________ others access to the _________ (Sets up territory and defends it)
- limit
- resource
_________ Exclusion - Complete competitors can not co-exist indefinitely (someone is left out- leave area or go die)
Competitive
Competitive Exclusion - Complete competitors can not _________ indefinitely (someone is left out- _________ area or go die)
- co-exist
- leave
_________ - Similar species are sharing the same resource in different way
Resource Partitioning
Warblers are small birds that are found up north in pine forests. All of these different species of warblers eat insects on these trees. These warblers have divided up the insects. The different species feed:
- Species A eats the insects on the top of the trees
- Species B eats the insects on the tips of the branches
- Species C eats the insects at the base of the trees
- Species D eats the insects in among the branches
This is an example of:
Resource Partitioning
_________ -Both derive energy from other organisms
Predator vs. Parasite
Both derive energy from other organisms
_________ - coyote, frog, squirrel
_________ - ticks, fleas, mosquitos
- Predator
- Parasite
_________ - A predictable development of species in a community
Succession
_________ - The changes in species composition over time
Succession
-The Successional Model-
_________ :
- Pioneer species - First species to move into an area
- Climax species - The last to move into an area
Succession
-The Successional Model-
Succession :
_________ species - First species to move into an area
_________ species - The last to move into an area
- Pioneer
- Climax
-The Successional Model-
_________ succession - Takes place in an area that is devoid of life (Volcano, Under a glacier)
Primary
-The Successional Model-
_________ succession - Where a community re-establishes itself after a disturbance (Fire, disease, flood)
Secondary
-The Successional Model-
_________ - as plant species composition change so do the animal species composition
Animals
-The Successional Model-
Animals:
_________ Species - Large mammals
Climax
-The Successional Model-
Animals:
_________ species - Insect
Pioneer
-The Successional Model-
Animals:
Pioneer species - _________
Insect
-The Successional Model-
Animals:
Climax Species - _________
Large mammals
-Community Stability or instability-
_________ - Can slow the growth of the community (fire)
Short-term disturbances
-Community Stability or instability-
_________ - Have destabilizing effects - usually to climate or other environmental change
Long-term changes
-Community Stability or instability-
_________ species - The dominant species that dictates community structure
Keystone
-Community Stability or instability-
_________ species - Species that moves into an area that is not part of their home range
Introduced
- Community Stability or instability-
- -Introduced species
It is natural for a _________ to expand its range - It’s usually _________ and causes no problems
- species
- slow
- Community Stability or instability-
- -Introduced species
Ones that we transport quite _________ but climate controls their _________
- rapidly
- numbers
- Community Stability or instability-
- -Introduced species
Some _________ species can alter the community forever and they are _________ sustaining
- introduced
- self
_________ - “the variety of organisms considered at all levels, from genetic variants belonging to the same species to arrays of different species. “ E. O. Wilson
Biodiversity
Biodiversity - “the variety of _________ considered at all levels, from _________ variants belonging to the same species to arrays of different species. “ E. O. Wilson
- organisms
- genetic
- Biodiversity-
- -Mainland patterns
The number of species _________ from the Artic regions to the temperate zones to _________ areas
- increases
- tropical
- Biodiversity-
- -Mainland patterns
Biodiversity favors the _________ areas
- Tropics have more rain and more sunlight (more primary productivity) - Rate of speciation was quicker in tropics
tropical
- Biodiversity-
- -Mainland patterns
Biodiversity favors the tropical areas
- Tropics have more \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and more sunlight (more primary productivity) - Rate of speciation was \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in tropics
- rain
- quicker
-Biodiversity-
_________ :
The number of species increases from the Artic regions to the temperate zones to tropical areas
Mainland patterns
-Biodiversity-
_________ :
Distant effect - Further from mainland the less diverse the island is
Island Patterns
- Biodiversity-
- -Island Patterns
_________ - Further from mainland the less diverse the island is
Distant effect
- Biodiversity-
- -Island Patterns
_________ - The bigger the island the more diverse it is
Area effect
_________ in ecosystems
Hydrologic cycle - the cycling of water
Carbon cycle - the cycling of carbon
Cycling of materials
-Cycling of materials in ecosystems-
_________ cycle - the cycling of water
Hydrologic
-Cycling of materials in ecosystems-
_________ cycle - the cycling of carbon
Carbon
-Hydrologic cycle - the cycling of water-
Evaporation –> _________ –> Condensation –> _________ –> Runoff –> _________ –> Evaporation
- Transpiration
- Precipitation
- Collecting
-Hydrologic cycle - the cycling of water-
_________ –> Transpiration –> _________ –> Precipitation –> _________ –> Collecting –> _________
- Evaporation
- Condensation
- Runoff
- Evaporation
-Carbon cycle - the cycling of carbon-
Atmosphere –> _________ –> Animals –> _________
- Plants
- Atmosphere
-Carbon cycle - the cycling of carbon-
_________ –> Plants –> _________ –> Atmosphere
- Atmosphere
- Animals
Carbon based Molecules _________
CO2
_________ - the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to a form that organisms can use by bacteria
Nitrogen Cycle
_________ - Used by nitrogen fixing bacteria - switch it into form plants can absorb
Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle- the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to a form that _________ can use by bacteria. The nitrogen is incorporated into many different kind of _________ and then when the organism dies, the nitrogen may be released by different _________ or other organism will absorb it and use it
- organisms
- molecules
- bacteria
_________ - A chemical that builds up in the tissue of animals
Biomagnification
_________ - Higher in the food web the more chemicals are stored away
Biomagnification
