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Biology 107 > Test 3 - Topic 15 > Flashcards

Test 3 - Topic 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

_________ - An association of interacting populations of different species living in a particular habitat

A

Community

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2
Q

Community - An association of interacting populations of different _________ living in a particular _________

A
  • species

- habitat

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3
Q

_________ - Where an organism lives

A

Habitat

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4
Q
  • Factors that affect the habitat-
  • Interactions between the _________ and _________ (lay of the land)
  • Availability of _________
A
  • climate
  • topography
  • food
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5
Q
  • Factors that affect the habitat-
  • Adaptive traits which enables the _________ to exploit the _________
  • Interactions between individual members of the _________
A
  • individuals
  • resources
  • community
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6
Q
  • Factors that affect the habitat-
  • Physical _________ (fire, tornado, roads)
  • Immigration
  • Episodes of _________
A
  • disturbances

- extinction

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7
Q

A. Interactions between the climate and topography (lay of the land)
B. Availability of food
C. Adaptive traits which enables the individuals to exploit the resources
D. Interactions between individual members of the community
E. Physical disturbances (fire, tornado, roads)
F. Immigration
G. Episodes of extinction

These are all:

A

-Factors that affect the habitat-

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8
Q

_________ : Where it lives and what its doing

A

Niche

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9
Q

Each and every species has its own _________ - Which is defined by the relationships with other _________

A
  • niche

- organisms

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10
Q

_________ - address and occupation of the species

A

Niche

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11
Q

_________ - Full range of physical and biological conditions under which individuals live and reproduce

A

Niche

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12
Q

_________ can occur between any two species in a community and between entire _________

A
  • Interactions

- communities

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13
Q

-Types of species-

_________ - Neither species is affected by the other

A

Neutral

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14
Q

-Types of species-

Neutral - Neither _________ is affected by the other

A

species

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15
Q

-Types of species-

_________ - Where one species benefits and the other is not affected (bird building nest in tree)

A

Commensalism

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16
Q

-Types of species-

Commensalism - Where one species _________ and the other is _________ affected (bird building nest in tree)

A
  • benefits

- not

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17
Q

-Types of species-

_________ (symbiotic relationship)- Both species benefit

A

Mutualism

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18
Q

-Types of species-

Mutualism (symbiotic relationship)- Both species _________

A

benefit

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19
Q

-Types of species-

_________ - Both species lose/harmed - Resources disappear quickly

A

Competition

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20
Q

-Types of species-

Competition - Both species _________ /harmed - Resources _________ quickly

A
  • lose

- disappear

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21
Q

-Types of species-

_________ - One benefits, predator - One Harmed, prey

A

Predation

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22
Q

-Types of species-

Predation - One _________ , predator - One _________, prey

A
  • benefits

- Harmed

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23
Q

-Types of species-

_________ - Parasite benefits, the host is harmed

A

Parasitism

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24
Q

-Types of species-

Parasitism - Parasite _________ , the _________ is harmed

A
  • benefits

- host

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25
Q

_________ competition - Competition Within Species

A

Intraspecific

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26
Q

(_________ means within)

A

Intra

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27
Q

_________ competition:

  • Most fierce type of competition
  • Resources disappear quickly
A

Intraspecific

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28
Q

_________ competition - Competition Between species

A

Interspecific

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29
Q

(_________ means outer)

A

Inter

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30
Q

_________ competition - All individuals have equal access to a resource but differ in their ability to exploit that resource (speed & efficiency matters)

A

Exploitation

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31
Q

Exploitation competition - All individuals have _________ access to a resource but differ in their ability to _________ that resource (speed & efficiency matters)

A
  • equal

- exploit

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32
Q

_________ competition - Some individuals limit others access to the resource (Sets up territory and defends it)

A

Interference

33
Q

Interference competition - Some individuals _________ others access to the _________ (Sets up territory and defends it)

A
  • limit

- resource

34
Q

_________ Exclusion - Complete competitors can not co-exist indefinitely (someone is left out- leave area or go die)

A

Competitive

35
Q

Competitive Exclusion - Complete competitors can not _________ indefinitely (someone is left out- _________ area or go die)

A
  • co-exist

- leave

36
Q

_________ - Similar species are sharing the same resource in different way

A

Resource Partitioning

37
Q

Warblers are small birds that are found up north in pine forests. All of these different species of warblers eat insects on these trees. These warblers have divided up the insects. The different species feed:

  • Species A eats the insects on the top of the trees
  • Species B eats the insects on the tips of the branches
  • Species C eats the insects at the base of the trees
  • Species D eats the insects in among the branches

This is an example of:

A

Resource Partitioning

38
Q

_________ -Both derive energy from other organisms

A

Predator vs. Parasite

39
Q

Both derive energy from other organisms

_________ - coyote, frog, squirrel
_________ - ticks, fleas, mosquitos

A
  • Predator

- Parasite

40
Q

_________ - A predictable development of species in a community

A

Succession

41
Q

_________ - The changes in species composition over time

A

Succession

42
Q

-The Successional Model-

_________ :

  • Pioneer species - First species to move into an area
  • Climax species - The last to move into an area
A

Succession

43
Q

-The Successional Model-

Succession :

_________ species - First species to move into an area
_________ species - The last to move into an area

A
  • Pioneer

- Climax

44
Q

-The Successional Model-

_________ succession - Takes place in an area that is devoid of life (Volcano, Under a glacier)

A

Primary

45
Q

-The Successional Model-

_________ succession - Where a community re-establishes itself after a disturbance (Fire, disease, flood)

A

Secondary

46
Q

-The Successional Model-

_________ - as plant species composition change so do the animal species composition

A

Animals

47
Q

-The Successional Model-

Animals:

_________ Species - Large mammals

A

Climax

48
Q

-The Successional Model-

Animals:

_________ species - Insect

A

Pioneer

49
Q

-The Successional Model-

Animals:

Pioneer species - _________

A

Insect

50
Q

-The Successional Model-

Animals:

Climax Species - _________

A

Large mammals

51
Q

-Community Stability or instability-

_________ - Can slow the growth of the community (fire)

A

Short-term disturbances

52
Q

-Community Stability or instability-

_________ - Have destabilizing effects - usually to climate or other environmental change

A

Long-term changes

53
Q

-Community Stability or instability-

_________ species - The dominant species that dictates community structure

A

Keystone

54
Q

-Community Stability or instability-

_________ species - Species that moves into an area that is not part of their home range

A

Introduced

55
Q
  • Community Stability or instability-
  • -Introduced species

It is natural for a _________ to expand its range - It’s usually _________ and causes no problems

A
  • species

- slow

56
Q
  • Community Stability or instability-
  • -Introduced species

Ones that we transport quite _________ but climate controls their _________

A
  • rapidly

- numbers

57
Q
  • Community Stability or instability-
  • -Introduced species

Some _________ species can alter the community forever and they are _________ sustaining

A
  • introduced

- self

58
Q

_________ - “the variety of organisms considered at all levels, from genetic variants belonging to the same species to arrays of different species. “ E. O. Wilson

A

Biodiversity

59
Q

Biodiversity - “the variety of _________ considered at all levels, from _________ variants belonging to the same species to arrays of different species. “ E. O. Wilson

A
  • organisms

- genetic

60
Q
  • Biodiversity-
  • -Mainland patterns

The number of species _________ from the Artic regions to the temperate zones to _________ areas

A
  • increases

- tropical

61
Q
  • Biodiversity-
  • -Mainland patterns

Biodiversity favors the _________ areas

- Tropics have more rain and more sunlight (more primary productivity) 
- Rate of speciation was quicker in tropics
A

tropical

62
Q
  • Biodiversity-
  • -Mainland patterns

Biodiversity favors the tropical areas

- Tropics have more \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_  and more sunlight (more primary productivity) 
- Rate of speciation was \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in tropics
A
  • rain

- quicker

63
Q

-Biodiversity-

_________ :

The number of species increases from the Artic regions to the temperate zones to tropical areas

A

Mainland patterns

64
Q

-Biodiversity-

_________ :

Distant effect - Further from mainland the less diverse the island is

A

Island Patterns

65
Q
  • Biodiversity-
  • -Island Patterns

_________ - Further from mainland the less diverse the island is

A

Distant effect

66
Q
  • Biodiversity-
  • -Island Patterns

_________ - The bigger the island the more diverse it is

A

Area effect

67
Q

_________ in ecosystems

Hydrologic cycle - the cycling of water
Carbon cycle - the cycling of carbon

A

Cycling of materials

68
Q

-Cycling of materials in ecosystems-

_________ cycle - the cycling of water

A

Hydrologic

69
Q

-Cycling of materials in ecosystems-

_________ cycle - the cycling of carbon

A

Carbon

70
Q

-Hydrologic cycle - the cycling of water-

Evaporation –> _________ –> Condensation –> _________ –> Runoff –> _________ –> Evaporation

A
  • Transpiration
  • Precipitation
  • Collecting
71
Q

-Hydrologic cycle - the cycling of water-

_________ –> Transpiration –> _________ –> Precipitation –> _________ –> Collecting –> _________

A
  • Evaporation
  • Condensation
  • Runoff
  • Evaporation
72
Q

-Carbon cycle - the cycling of carbon-

Atmosphere –> _________ –> Animals –> _________

A
  • Plants

- Atmosphere

73
Q

-Carbon cycle - the cycling of carbon-

_________ –> Plants –> _________ –> Atmosphere

A
  • Atmosphere

- Animals

74
Q

Carbon based Molecules _________

A

CO2

75
Q

_________ - the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to a form that organisms can use by bacteria

A

Nitrogen Cycle

76
Q

_________ - Used by nitrogen fixing bacteria - switch it into form plants can absorb

A

Nitrogen Cycle

77
Q

Nitrogen Cycle- the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to a form that _________ can use by bacteria. The nitrogen is incorporated into many different kind of _________ and then when the organism dies, the nitrogen may be released by different _________ or other organism will absorb it and use it

A
  • organisms
  • molecules
  • bacteria
78
Q

_________ - A chemical that builds up in the tissue of animals

A

Biomagnification

79
Q

_________ - Higher in the food web the more chemicals are stored away

A

Biomagnification

Biology 107 (19 decks)

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