Test 2 - Chapter 7 Flashcards
DNA is composed of four kinds of _________
nucleotides
-
- Deoxyribose
- Thymine
-DNA-
Adenine & Guanine are _________ ringed molecules
double
-DNA-
Four _________ bases that make up a DNA molecule differ in the amount of each base from _________
- nucleotide
- species to species
-DNA-
The amount of Adenine (A) equals the amount of _________
Thymine (T)
-DNA-
The amount of Thymine (T) equals the amount of _________
Adenine (A)
-DNA-
The amount of Guanine (G) equals the amount of _________
Cytosine (C)
-DNA-
The amount of Cytosine (C) equals the amount of _________
Guanine (G)
-DNA-
Single-ringed Thymine is hydrogen bonded with a double ringed _________
Adenine
-DNA-
Single-ringed Cytosine is hydrogen bonded with a double ringed _________
Guanine
-DNA-
The backbone of the molecule is made of chains of sugar-_________ linkages
phosphate
-DNA-
The molecule is double stranded and looks like a ladder with a twist to form a _________
double helix
-DNA-
The molecule is _________ and looks like a ladder with a twist to form a double helix
double stranded
-DNA-
The base pairing is constant for all species but the sequence of base pairs in a nucleotide strand is different from one _________ to another.
species
DNA Replication (DNA is replicated only for the cell to _________ )
divide
-Assembly of the nucleotide Strand-
The two strands of the DNA _________ and the _________ bonds that hold the two cells together are broken
- unwind
- hydrogen
-Assembly of the nucleotide Strand-
Next unattached _________ will pair with the exposed bases
nucleotides
- DNA Replication-
- -Assembly of the nucleotide Strand
(A) bonds to (__)
T
- DNA Replication-
- -Assembly of the nucleotide Strand
(C) bonds to (__)
G
Semiconservative Replication - Describes how the old is conserved into the new _________
generation
-Enzymes for replication-
DNA _________ - used to unwind the DNA
Helicase
-Enzymes for replication-
DNA _________ - puts the correct nucleotide in place
Polymerase
-Enzymes for replication-
DNA _________ - Reads the DNA to make sure there are no errors
Ligase
-DNA and Genes-
DNA, _________ , and genes are all referring to the same things
chromosomes
-DNA and Genes-
_________ is a linear stretch of DNA that codes for the assembly of amino acids into proteins
Gene
-DNA and Genes-
_________ are a sequence of amino acids that are used as structural components in cells or as molecules to help chemical reactions
Proteins
-From genes to Protein Production-
_________ - reading DNA to produce RNA
Transcription
-From genes to Protein Production-
Transcription happens in the _________
nucleus
-From genes to Protein Production-
_________ - using RNA to produce a protein
Translation
-From genes to Protein Production-
Translation happens in the _________
ribosome
-Types of RNA-
_________ RNA (mRNA)
Messenger
-Types of RNA-
_________
-Carries the blueprint for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosomes
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Messenger RNA (mRNA) -Carries the blueprint for making \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ from the nucleus to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
- proteins
- ribosomes
_________
-Combines with proteins already made to form ribosome
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) -Combines with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ already made to form \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
- proteins
- ribosome
_________
-Carries the correct amino acid to the ribosome and pairs up with the messenger RNA in order to make a protein
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA) -Carries the correct amino acid to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and pairs up with the messenger RNA in order to make a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
- ribosome
- protein
DNA is _________ stranded,
RNA is _________ stranded
- double
- single
There are different _________ between DNA & RNA
sugars
DNA has _________ as a base, RNA has Uracil as a base
Thymine
DNA has Thymine as a base, RNA has _________ as a base
Uracil
-mRNA to a Protein-
Newly formed _________ is an unfinished molecule and it is not ready for use
mRNA
-mRNA to a Protein-
The mRNA is modified before it leaves the _________
nucleus
-mRNA to a Protein-
_________ - Non-coding portions, these are cut out before the mRNA leaves the nucleus (Enzymes are required to remove Introns)
Introns
-mRNA to a Protein-
_________ - The actual coding portion of the mRNA are spliced together to produce a complete mRNA ready for translation
Exons
Every three bases (triplet) on the mRNA specifies for an _________
amino acid
The complete set of triplets is called the _________
genetic code
Each base triplet is called a _________
Codon
_________ (Methionine) is the start codon
AUG
[______ = an Amino acid]
AUG
The Anticodon is found on the _________
tRNA
Each _________ carries one specific Amino Acid
tRNA
Once the mRNA is at the ribosome, the site of _________, the anticodon of the tRNA bonds to the codon on the mRNA
translation
Once the mRNA is at the ribosome, the site of translation, the _________ of the tRNA bonds to the codon on the mRNA
anticodon
There are ___ different amino acids
20
Long sequences of amino acids are _________
protein
When the _________ is read, no amino acids are put into place until the _________ (start) codon is read
- mRNA
- AUG
Once the AUG is read, the amino acid _________ is put into place
methionine
Any codons that come before the AUG codon are _________ and do not call for any amino acids
meaningless
_________ takes place after AUG
Elongation
For every codon after the AUG, the correct amino acid is brought by a _________ and put into place
tRNA
As new amino acids are brought into position, they become _________ to the previous amino acid that was already in place
bonded
When one of the _________ stop codons is reached the process will _________
- three
- discontinue
Once a stop codon is reached there can be another AUG (start), which will be the _________ of another amino acid sequence
beginning