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Biology 107 > Test 4 - Topic 20 > Flashcards

Test 4 - Topic 20 Flashcards

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1
Q

_________ - A nerve cell, the basic unit of communication through the body

A

Neuron

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2
Q

-Three types of Neurons-

_________ - Receptors for specific stimuli

A

Sensory Neurons

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3
Q

-Three types of Neurons-

_________-

  • Neurons found in the brain and spinal chord
  • Neurons responsible for figuring out what information is called and what to do about it
A

Interneurons

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4
Q

-Three types of Neurons-

Interneurons:

  • Neurons found in the brain and _________
  • Neurons responsible for figuring out what _________ is called and what to do about it
A
  • spinal chord

- information

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5
Q

-Three types of Neurons-

_________ -
Send information from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands

A

Motor Neurons

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6
Q

_________ -

Cells that physically support and protect the neurons in various ways

A

Neuroglial Cells

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7
Q

-Three Basic Parts of the Neuron-

_________ - Contains nucleus and most of the organelles

A

Cell Body - (soma)

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8
Q

_________ - (soma)

A

Cell Body

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9
Q

-Three Basic Parts of the Neuron-

_________ :

  • There is a lot of them
  • Short extensions off of cell body
  • Receive stimuli, “input zone”
A

Dendrites

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10
Q

-Three Basic Parts of the Neuron-

Dendrites:

  • There is a lot of them
  • Short extensions off of _________
  • Receive stimuli, “_________ “
A
  • cell body

- input zone

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11
Q

-Three Basic Parts of the Neuron-

_________ - Usually just one, long extension that transmit impulses to other cells. “output zone”

A

Axons

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12
Q

-Three Basic Parts of the Neuron-

Axons - Usually just one, long extension that _________ impulses to other cells. “_________”

A
  • transmits

- output zone

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13
Q

_________ -

An electric charge that moves down the neuron membrane, starts in dendrite -> cell body -> axon, in one direction only

A

Nerve Impulse

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14
Q

Nerve Impulse -
An electric charge that moves down the _________ membrane, starts in _________ -> cell body -> _________, in one direction only

A
  • neuron
  • dendrite
  • axon
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15
Q

_________ - A junction between a neuron and an adjacent cell

A

Synapses

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16
Q

-Nervous System-

The more elaborate the nervous system, the more _________ the life-style of an ________ is

A
  • complex

- animal

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17
Q

-Nervous System-

_________ :

  • Simple functions
  • Stereotyped movements made in response to a specific stimulus
  • Sensory neuron triggers a motor neuron
A

Reflex

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18
Q

-Nervous System-

Reflex:

  • Simple functions
  • _________ movements made in response to a specific stimulus
  • Sensory _________ triggers a motor neuron
A

-Stereotyped

neuron

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19
Q

-Nervous System-

_________ :

  • Allows for more control for reflex actions
  • The more the brain regions, the more complex life style of animal
A

Brain Regions

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20
Q

-Nervous System-

Brain Regions:

  • Allows for more control for _________ actions
  • The more the brain regions, the more _________ life style of animal
A
  • reflex

- complex

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21
Q

_________ :

  • Brain - Responsible for integration of internal and external stimuli
  • Spinal - Pathway of signals that travel between the peripheral nervous system and the brain
A

Central Nervous System

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22
Q

-Central Nervous System-

_________ - Responsible for integration of internal and external stimuli

_________ - Pathway of signals that travel between the peripheral nervous system and the brain

A
  • Brain

- Spinal

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23
Q
  • Central Nervous System-
  • Brain - Responsible for integration of internal and external _________
  • Spinal - Pathway of signals that travel between the peripheral _________ system and the brain
A
  • stimuli

- nervous

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24
Q

-Peripheral Nervous System-

–Two sets of nerves

  1. _________ Nerves (31 pairs) - Connects spinal cord with most parts of the body
  2. _________ Nerves (12 pairs) - Connects the brain with vital organs and facial muscles
A
  • Spinal

- Cranial

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25
Q

-Peripheral Nervous System-

–Two sets of nerves

  1. Spinal Nerves (__ pairs) - Connects _________ cord with most parts of the body
  2. Cranial Nerves (__ pairs) - Connects the brain with vital organs and _________ muscles
A
  • 31
  • spinal
  • 12
  • facial
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26
Q

-Peripheral Nervous System-

Some cranial nerves are only _________ , some are both sensory and _________ nerves

A
  • sensory

- motor

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27
Q

-Peripheral Nervous System-

_________ are both sensory and motor nerves

A

Spinal nerves

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28
Q
  • Brain Regions-
  • Hindbrain

–_________

  1. Control respiration
  2. Control blood circulation
  3. Control sleep/wake response
A

Medulla oblongata

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29
Q
  • Brain Regions-
  • Hindbrain

–Medulla oblongata

  1. Control _________
  2. Control blood circulation
  3. Control _________ response
A
  • respiration

- sleep/wake

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30
Q
  • Brain Regions-
  • Hindbrain

– _________

  1. Reflex center to maintain posture
  2. Coordination of limbs
A

Cerebellum

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31
Q
  • Brain Regions-
  • Hindbrain

–Cerebellum

  1. Reflex center to maintain _________
  2. Coordination of _________
A
  • posture

- limbs

32
Q
  • Brain Regions-
  • Hindbrain

–_________

  1. Bridge between brain centers
A

Pons

33
Q
  • Brain Regions-
  • Hindbrain

–Pons

  1. Bridge between _________ centers
A

brain

34
Q

-Brain Regions-

_________-

Sort visual, auditory, factory input, and sends this information to the correct brain region for integration

A

Midbrain

35
Q
  • Brain Regions-
  • Midbrain

Sort visual, _________, factory input, and sends this information to the correct _________ region for integration

A
  • auditory

- brain

36
Q
  • Brain Regions-
  • Forebrain

–_________

Most of integration happens here, - Integrates sensory input and selects motor responses

A

Cerebrum

37
Q
  • Brain Regions-
  • Forebrain

–Cerebrum

Most of _________ happens here, - Integrates sensory input and selects _________ responses

A
  • integration

- motor

38
Q
  • Brain Regions-
  • Forebrain

– _________

Relays and coordinates sensory signals

A

Thalamus

39
Q
  • Brain Regions-
  • Forebrain

–Thalamus

Relays and coordinates _________ signals

A

sensory

40
Q
  • Brain Regions-
  • Forebrain

– _________

Monitors internal organs and influences your response to hunger, thirst, and sex

A

Hypothalamus

41
Q
  • Brain Regions-
  • Forebrain

–Hypothalamus

Monitors internal _________ and influences your response to hunger, _________, and sex

A
  • organs

- thirst

42
Q
  • Brain Regions-
  • Forebrain

– _________

Only mammals have this specific sight of coding and decoding information

A

Cerebral cortex

43
Q
  • Brain Regions-
  • Forebrain

–Cerebral cortex

Only _________ have this specific sight of coding and _________ information

A
  • mammals

- decoding

44
Q

_________ :

The storage and retrieval of information about previous experiences

A

Memory

45
Q

_________ -

Information is stored, specifically these are chemical and structural changes in the brain regions

A

Memory Traces

46
Q

Memory Traces -

Information is stored, specifically these are _________ and structural changes in the _________ regions

A
  • chemical

- brain

47
Q

_________ Memory -

Lasts for a few seconds to a few hours. Limited to 7-8 bits of information

A

Short-term

48
Q

Short-term Memory -

Lasts for a few seconds to a few _________. Limited to ___ bits of information

A
  • hours

- 7-8

49
Q

_________ Memory -

Much more permanent and seemingly limitless

A

Long-term

50
Q

Long-term Memory -

Much more permanent and seemingly _________

A

limitless

51
Q

_________ - the loss of short-term or long-term memory or both

A

Amnesia

52
Q

_________ - How alert you are or are not. Controlled by central nervous system, can be altered very easily

A

State of Consciousness

53
Q

State of Consciousness - How alert you are or are not. Controlled by _________ , can be altered very easily

A

central nervous system

54
Q

-Three components of sensory system-

_________ - Specialized cells that detect stimuli

A

Sensory receptors

55
Q

-Three components of sensory system-

_________ - Pathways that carry the signals back to the brain

A

Nerve pathways

56
Q

-Three components of sensory system-

_________ - Sensory information is processed

A

Brain Regions

57
Q

_________ - Conscience awareness of a stimuli

_________ - Understanding what a sensation means

A
  • Sensation

- Perception

58
Q

Sensation - Conscience awareness of a _________

Perception - Understanding what a _________ means

A
  • stimuli

- sensation

59
Q

-Sensory Receptors-

_________ - Chemical molecules

  • Olfactory - Smelling
  • Taste - Taste buds
A

Chemoreceptors

60
Q

-Sensory Receptors-

Chemoreceptors - Chemical molecules

_________ - Smelling
_________ - Taste buds

A
  • Olfactory

- Taste

61
Q

-Sensory Receptors-

_________ - Detect changes in pressure, position, and acceleration

A

Mechanoreceptors

62
Q

-Sensory Receptors-

_________ - Detect light

A

Photoreceptors

63
Q

-Sensory Receptors-

_________ - Detect heat

A

Thermoreceptors

64
Q

-Sensory Receptors-

_________ - Detect pain

A

Nociceptors

65
Q

-Sensations-

_________ - Most found in fingertips and genital regions

A

Touch and pressure

66
Q

-Sensations-

_________ - Perception of inquiry to some part of the body

A

Pain

67
Q

-Sensations-

_________ - Pain that is felt at a distance from the real stimulation

A

Visceral pain

68
Q

-Sensations-

_________ - Receptors that are found in muscle, joints, tendons, and ligaments, give awareness of your body’s position

A

Muscle sense

69
Q

-Sensations-

Muscle sense - Receptors that are found in muscles, joints, _________, and ligaments, give _________ of your body’s position

A
  • tendons

- awareness

70
Q

-Sensations-

_________ - Depends on organs of equilibrium. Found in inner ear

A

Balance

71
Q

-Sensations-

_________ - Overstimulation of dendrites in inner ear

A

Motion sickness

72
Q

-Vision Structure-

_________ - White part of eye

A

Sclera

73
Q

-Vision Structure-

_________ - Extension of sclera that is clear and covers front of eye

A

Cornea

74
Q

-Vision Structure-

_________ - Focuses an image on back of eye

A

Lens

75
Q

-Vision Structure-

_________ - Photoreceptor in back of eye

A

Retina

76
Q

-Vision Structure-

–Two types of _________

  1. Cones - Daytime vision, detect color
  2. Rods - Nighttime vision, detects black white and grey
A

photoreceptors

77
Q

-Vision Structure-

–Two types of photoreceptors

  1. _________ - Daytime vision, detect color
  2. _________ - Nighttime vision, detects black white and grey
A
  • Cones

- Rods

Biology 107 (19 decks)

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