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Biology 107 > Test 1 - Topic 4 (Lecture) > Flashcards

Test 1 - Topic 4 (Lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

All cells have a _________ (cell) membrane, _________ , and genetic material (_________ )

A
  • plasma
  • cytoplasm
  • DNA
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2
Q

_________ - separates the inside of the cell from the environment and permits certain molecules to move in and out of the cell

A

Plasma (cell) membrane

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3
Q

Plasma (cell) membrane - The plasma membrane separates the inside of the _________ from the environment and permits certain _________ to move in and out of the cell

A
  • cell

- molecules

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4
Q

_________ - semi-fluid matrix

A

Cytoplasm

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5
Q

Cytoplasm - semi-fluid _________

A

matrix

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6
Q

_________ - The instructions for cellular functions

A

Genetic Material (DNA)

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7
Q

Genetic Material (DNA) - The instructions for _________ functions

A

cellular

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8
Q

_________ Cells - (Simple, Primitive)

A

Prokaryotic

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9
Q

Prokaryotic Cells - (_________ , Primitive)

A

Simple

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10
Q

_________ = DNA (dna floating inside cell)

A

Nucleoid

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11
Q

_________ - makes protein

A

Ribosome

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12
Q

_________ - Advanced, has nucleus

A

Eukaryotic Cells

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13
Q

_________ - Specialized compartments in a cell that perform specific functions

A

Organelles

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14
Q

_________ - Contain the DNA

A

Nucleus

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15
Q

Two types of Ribosomes
1)
2)

A

1) Free

2) Attached

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16
Q

_________ - Transportation of Ribosomes

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

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17
Q

Two types of ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum):

1)
2)

A

1) Rough ER

2) Smooth ER

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18
Q

_________ -

Associated with the production of secretions and packaging of substances that will be expelled from the cell

A

Golgi Apparatus (Bodies)

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19
Q

_________ - Does cellular respiration. The power house of the cell (make energy)

A

Mitochondria

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20
Q

_________ - Photosynthesis (taking sunlight energy and convert to chemical energy)

A

Chloroplast

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21
Q

_________ - Movement

A

Cilia And Flagella

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22
Q

Cilia And Flagella- _________

A

Movement

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23
Q

_________ - Whip like structures

A

Flagella

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24
Q

_________ - Small little hairs

A

Cilia

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25
Q

Cilia - Small little _________

A

hairs

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26
Q

Flagella - _________ like structures

A

Whip

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27
Q

_________ are non-cellular infectious agents

A

Viruses

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28
Q

_________ are not living because they do not meet all of the characteristics of life.

A

Viruses

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29
Q

_________ - infects Bacteria

A

Bacteriophage

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30
Q

_________ - infect invertebrate and vertebrate animals

A

Animal Viruses

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31
Q

Most animal viruses are _________ specific

A

species

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32
Q

_________ - Some are not bad for the plant (stripes in some tulips are viruses etc.)

A

Plant Viruses

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33
Q

Scientific names or species name are made up of both the _________ and the _________ i.e. Homo sapien (humans) and Felis domestica (house cat)

A
  • genus

- specific epithet

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34
Q

-Taxonomic Hierarchy-

  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • _________
  • _________
  • Genus
  • Specific Epithet
A
  • Order

- Family

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35
Q

-Taxonomic Hierarchy-

  • _________
  • _________
  • _________
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Specific Epithet
A
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
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36
Q

-Taxonomic Hierarchy-

  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • _________
  • _________
A
  • Genus

- Specific Epithet

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37
Q

-Taxonomic Hierarchy-

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Specific Epithet
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38
Q 
genus and the specific epithet:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_  (humans) and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_  (house cat)
A
  • Homo sapien

- Felis domestica

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39
Q

-Six Kingdoms-

_________ - Ancient bacteria

A

Archaea

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40
Q

-Six Kingdoms-

_________ - True bacteria

A

Bacteria

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41
Q

-Six Kingdoms-

_________ - Mostly single celled eukaryotic organisms

A

Protista

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42
Q

-Six Kingdoms-

_________ - Mostly multi-cellular - Decomposers, break down dead things

A

Fungi

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43
Q

-Six Kingdoms-

_________ - Multi-cellular, eukaryotic - Photosynthesis

A

Plantea

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44
Q

-Six Kingdoms-

_________ - eukaryotic

A

Animilia

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45
Q

_________ - Consumes other organisms for energy

A

Heterotropic

46
Q

_________ - Consumes dead organisms & waste products of organisms

A

Saprophytes

47
Q

_________ - Living host (athletes foot, ringworm)

A

Parasites

48
Q

“Extra-cellular _________ Digestion and _________ “ - How a fungus gets its nutrients – (breaking down the food to molecules small enough to be absorbed)

A
  • Enzymatic

- Absorption

49
Q

_________ - outside the cell

A

Extra-cellular

50
Q

_________ - breaks down food

A

Enzymatic

51
Q

_________ - Main part of the fungus, persistent all year round, very cob web like

A

Fungal Body

52
Q

_________ - Filament of the fungal body

A

Hyphae (Mycelium)

53
Q

Hyphae (Mycelium)- _________ of the _________ body

A
  • Filament

- fungal

54
Q

_________ (Mycelium)

A

Hyphae

55
Q

_________ - purpose is Reproduction - only present when reproducing -Fruiting body makes spores

A

Fruiting Body

56
Q

Fruiting Body- purpose is _________ - only present when reproducing -Fruiting body makes _________

A
  • Reproduction

- spores

57
Q

_________ - One parent - Copies of the parent, Clone.

A

Asexual

58
Q

_________ - Two parents - Variations from both parents

A

Sexual

59
Q

-Ecological role of fungi-

_________ - Breakdown bug bodies releasing nutrients into the environment

A

Death and renewal

60
Q

-Ecological role of fungi-

_________ - Breaking down dead things

A

Decomposers

61
Q

_________ - Have a nucleus and organelles

A

Eukaryotic

62
Q

-Major Groups of Fungi-

_________ fungi (Zygomycota ) Bread mold

A

Algal-like

63
Q

-Major Groups of Fungi-

_________ (consumes dead things -wheat)

A

Saprophytic

64
Q

-Major Groups of Fungi-

_________ fungi (Ascomycota)

A

Sac

65
Q

-Major Groups of Fungi-

_________ Fungi (Basidiomycota) (death cap)

A

Club

66
Q

Parts of Mushroom:

  • _________
  • _________
  • Annulus
  • Stipe
A
  • Cap

- Gills

67
Q

Parts of Mushroom:

  • Cap
  • Gills
  • _________
  • _________
A
  • Annulus

- Stipe

68
Q

Parts of Mushroom:

-
-

A
  • Cap
  • Gills
  • Annulus
  • Stipe
69
Q

_________ (Oomycota) -Needs water in order to spread

A

Water Mold

70
Q

_________ Symbiotic relationship between fungi and Algae

A

Lichens

71
Q

-Lichens-

_________ - relationship where they both benefit from the other

A

Symbiotic

72
Q

-Lichens-

_________ can photosynthesize, fungi can not

A

Algae

73
Q

-Lichens-

The _________ gives the _________ a home to live inside

A
  • fungi

- algae

74
Q

-Lichens-

_________ - anywhere, especially in hospitable places (Rock, Sand, lark)

A

Habitat

75
Q

-Lichens-

_________ to air pollution

A

Sensitive

76
Q

_________ -

Symbiotic relationship between a fungi and a plant root

A

Mycorrhizae

77
Q

Mycorrhizae- _________ relationship between a _________ and a plant root

A
  • Symbiotic

- fungi

78
Q

Mycorrhizae -

Connected from the root to the _________

A

hyphae

79
Q

_________ -

Classification

  • Single-celled eukaryotic organisms
  • Not all authorities agree on what should be in this kingdom
A

Protista

80
Q

Protista -

Single-celled _________ organisms

A

eukaryotic

81
Q

-Protista-

_________ (two-flagellum) - bioluminescent

A

Dinoflagellates

82
Q

-Protista-

_________

  • They are considered marine plankton.
  • They come in many different colors.
A

Dinoflagellates

83
Q

-Protista-

_________ - (Diatoms) - Environmental indicators

A

Golden-brown algae

84
Q

-Protista-

_________ -

  • Glass shell
  • Many different shapes
  • Single celled
A

Golden-brown algae

85
Q

-Protista-

_________ -(Euglena) - Both animal and plantlike

A

Euglenophyta

86
Q

-Protista-

_________ -

  • Plant like - its green and does photosynthesis
  • Animal like - its swims and eats other organisms
A

Euglenophyta

87
Q

-Protista-

_________ - Eye-spot

A

Stigma

88
Q

-Protista-

_________ -

  1. Widespread on earth, just need moisture to live.
  2. Ancestors to the modern plants
A

Green algae

89
Q

-Protista-

_________ - (Kelp)
-Likes to live in relatively Cold saltwaters

A

Brown algae

90
Q

-Protista-

_________ -
-Found in Warmer saltwater

A

Red algae

91
Q

-Protista-

_________ -

  1. Causes Tripanisoma (disease) via the tse-tse fly
  2. Causes diarrhea
A

Flagellated Protozoan

92
Q

-Protista-

_________ -

  • Shape changer
  • Causes dysentery
A

Amoeboid Protozoan

93
Q

-Protista-

_________ (Paramecium)
Most complex organisms on earth

A

Ciliated Protzoan

94
Q

-Protista-

_________ -
Parasites that cause diseases - Transmitted by insects (Malaria)

A

Sporozoan

95
Q

-Characteristics of Bacteria-

_________ - How they get their energy

A

Metabolic Diversity

96
Q

-Characteristics of Bacteria-

_________ _________-
-Make their own energy via photosynthesis

A

Photosynthesis Autotrophs

97
Q

-Characteristics of Bacteria-

_________ -

  • Make their own energy using chemicals
  • Bacteria found around thermal vents very deep in the ocean
A

Chemosynthetic Autotrophs

98
Q

-Characteristics of Bacteria-

Chemosynthetic Autotrophs -

  • Make their own _________ using chemicals
  • _________ found around thermal vents very deep in the ocean
A
  • energy

- Bacteria

99
Q

-Characteristics of Bacteria-
_________ -
-Bacteria that consume others for energy
-They may also consume Photo/Chemosynthetic autotrophs

A

Heterotrophs

100
Q
  • Characteristics of Bacteria-
  • Bacterial shapes
    1) _________ - (sphere)
    2) _________ - (Rod)
    3) _________ - (Spiral)
A
  • Coccus
  • Bacillus
  • Spirillum
101
Q

-Characteristics of Bacteria-

_________ - coloration method to differentiate

		1. Pink = gram positive
		2. Purple = gram negative
A

Gram Stain

102
Q

-Characteristics of Bacteria-

Bacterial Reproduction (can reproduce every _________ minutes)

A

20

103
Q

-Characteristics of Bacteria-

_________ - Dividing into two

A

Binary Fission

104
Q

-Characteristics of Bacteria-

Bacterial DNA -

  • found in the _________
  • Shaped as a _________
A
  • cytoplasm

- ring

105
Q

-Characteristics of Bacteria-

_________ - Small extra ring of DNA (may have 3-5 extra genes on it)
-Makes it antibiotic resistant

A

Plasmid

106
Q

-Archaea-

_________ - found in swamps, mud, sewers, and the intestines of animals

A

Methanogens

107
Q

-Archaea-

_________ - (Salt lovers) Found in the ocean and lakes, bodies of water
-Form pink colonies on salt

A

Halophiles

108
Q

-Archaea-

_________ - (Heat lovers) Found on bottom of ocean and in thermal pools

A

Thermophiles

109
Q

_________ Bacteria - Blue-green bacteria

A

Photosynthetic

110
Q

_________ Bacteria -

  • Consume others cells
  • Pathogens to humans
  • Create diseases like syphilis and gonorrhea
  • lyme disease
  • E.coli
A

Heterotrophic

111
Q

_________ (actually very complex)

These are bacteria that can sense and respond to:

  • Light - They can move towards or away from light
  • Oxygen
  • Magnetic North detection
A

“Simple Bacteria”

Biology 107 (19 decks)

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