Test 1 - Topic 5 (Lecture) Flashcards
_________ = Internal transportation system
Vascular
_________ plants - Bryophyta (mosses)
Non-vascular
_________ plants -
-Makes spores rather than seeds
Seedless vascular
_________ -
-Have vascular system, make seeds (naked seed)
Gymnosperms
_________ - Anthophyta
- Has vascular system, has seeds - container around it (seed coat)
Angiosperms
Byrophyta (_________) - Cryptic plants. Very important ecologically. Function as a filter when it rains.
(Moss)
Psilophyta (_________ ) - Has no leaves or roots. Has an underground stem called a Rhizome.
Whisk Fern
Lycophyta (_________ ) - Has no vascular tissue. They are evergreen. In dino days they were huge trees.
Club Moss
Equisetophyta (_________ ) - Scouring rush, Sand incorporated into cells. In dino days they were huge trees.
Horse tails
Pterophyta (_________ ) - Most common houseplants on earth. Single fern leaf is called a Frond. Sizes range from 2” - 50’
Fern
Cycadophyta (_________ ) - Small trees or shrubs with palm like leaves.
Cycad
Ginkgophyta - _________
Ginko tree
Gnetophyta (_________ ) -12-15’ long. Grow in the sand, deserts of southwest Africa, very hearty.
Welwitschia
Coniferophyta (_________ )- Conifer (Cone bearing) - Needles are modified leaves to survive in the north.
Most are evergreen. Commonly used for lumber
Pine tree
Anthophyta (_________ )-
Flowering Plants
-Parts of the flower-
_________ - Purpose is to attract the pollinators
Petals
-Parts of the flower-
_________ - Green leaf-like parts under the petals, first part of the bud to open up
Sepal
-Parts of the flower-
_________ - Male part of plant, contains the pollen. Inside the Anther (top of stamen), the pollen is made
Stamen
-Parts of the flower-
_________ - Female part of plant. Pistil, style, ovary. Inside the ovary the seeds are made
Pistil
-Parts of the flower-
_________ - End of the stem where all flower parts are attached
Receptacle
_________ -
- One seed leaf
- Flower parts in multiples of 3
- Parallel leafs veins
Monocots
_________
- Two seed leafs
- Flower parts in multiples of 4 and 5
- Netted leaf veins
Dicots
_________ - The most important plant family for the survival of people
Grass
Wheat, Rice, Corn, are all _________
grass
The largest plant family is: _________
Orchid
Plant parts that are _________
Bulbs - Onion Tubers - Potato, Swollen underground stem Stem - Celery, Asparagus Leaves - Spinach, lettuce, Kale Taproot - Carrot, Parsnip. Swollen root that grows straight down Flowers - Tulips, Day Lillies Ovary - Fruit. Seeds - Sunflower, pumpkin, cloves
specialized for food
_________ comes from the ovary of a plant and usually will have seed (unless it is a seedless variety)
Fruit
_________ are stems, leaves or roots of plants, not ovaries
Vegetables
_________ - The transfer of pollen from the anther on a stamen to the stigma of a pistil. Usually from different flowers.
Pollination
Methods of _________ :
- Wind
- Birds
- People
- Bats
- Insects
Pollination
Chordate classes to know:
i. _________
ii. _________
iii. Reptiles
iv. Birds
v. Mammals
- Fish
- Amphibians
Chordate classes to know:
i. Fish
ii. Amphibians
iii. _________
iv. _________
v. _________
- Reptiles
- Birds
- Mammals
Chordate classes to know:
i. ii. iii. iv. v.
i. Fish
ii. Amphibians
iii. Reptiles
iv. Birds
v. Mammals
-Animal Characteristics-
_________ - all more than one cell (protista)
Multicellular
-Animal Characteristics-
_________ - Eat something for energy
Heterotrophic
-Animal Characteristics-
_________ - moves from one location to another at some point in life
Moveable
-Animal Characteristics-
_________ - Includes an embryonic period of development
Life cycle
_________ - Radiates out from a central point (sea star)
Radial symmetry
_________ - Organism has a right and left side. (generally mirror images)
Bilateral symmetry
_________ - No symmetry (sponges)
Asymmetric
_________ - Means is has a head end
Cephalization
_________ - where food is digested
Gut
_________ digestive system - Starts with the mouth and is followed by specialized regions for digestion and ends with the anus
Complete
_________ digestive system - Starts with the mouth and is followed by a sac like gut, anything that cant be digested has to come back out through the mouth.
Incomplete
_________ - Area between the gut and the outer body wall, where other organs are found.
The body cavity
_________ -Repeated body units
Segments
Some organisms have segments condensed to body regions:_________ , Thorax, and _________ .
- Head
- abdomen
_________ - sense the environment and eating
Head
_________ - specialized for movement
Thorax
_________ - specialized for reproduction
Abdomen
_________ -
Characteristics
i. Sleek body - to move through the water
ii. Powerful tails - to push themselves through the water
iii. Swim bladders - for buoyancy
iv. Fins - Steering, maneuvering
v. Scales -
A. Fish
-Groups of fish-
_________ fish - (Lampreys)
Jawless
-Groups of fish-
_________ fish - Skeleton made out of cartilage (Rays: stingrays)
Cartilaginous
-Groups of fish-
_________ fish - All other fish - Mainly found in coral reefs
Bony
_________ - evolved from fish
Amphibians
_________ of life on the land for amphibians (Frogs, toads, salamander, nutes)
A. Availability of water
B. Air temperature
C. Air does not support a large body as well as water
Challenges
_________ of life on the land for amphibians
A. More oxygen
B. More food
Benefits
No matter how successful on land amphibians are they must return to the _________ to reproduce
External _________
- water
- fertilization
_________ - Snakes, turtles, lizards
Characteristics A. Internal fertilization B. Lay their eggs C. Larger brain than fish and amphibians D. Scaly skin E. Have lungs
Reptiles
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - Characteristics A. Internal fertilization B. Lay their eggs C. Larger brain than fish and amphibians D. Scaly skin E. Have lungs
Reptiles
Birds apparently evolved from _________ (dinosaurs- raptors)
reptiles
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (ancient bird) - dinosaur and bird characteristics Similarities: A. Lay eggs B. Feathers C. Horns/Beaks
Archaeopteryx
_________ -
Characteristics A. Milk secreting glands to nourish young B. Most have hair C. Specialized teeth - depending on what they eat D. Largest brain capacity
Mammals
Three types of _________ :
- Egg-laying
- Pouched
- Placental
mammals
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Mammals (Marsupial) - Possum, kangaroo, wombats Not born into pouch
Pouched
_________ Mammals - Humans, dogs
Placental
_________ Mammals
- Most successful group of mammals, found in every terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem
- Offspring are nourished within the mother through the placenta (placenta - organ of exchange)
Placental