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Biology 107 > Test 4 - Topic 18 > Flashcards

Test 4 - Topic 18 Flashcards

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1
Q

-Matching - Organ Systems-

_________ System - Protection from injury and dehydration [largest organ in the body]

A

Integumentary System (Skin)

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2
Q

-Matching - Organ Systems-

Integumentary System (Skin) - Protection from injury and _________ [_________ organ in the body]

A
  • dehydration

- largest

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3
Q

-Matching - Organ Systems-

_________ System - Movement, Works with bones to move body, Movement through hollow organs

A

Muscular

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4
Q

-Matching - Organ Systems-

Muscular System - Movement, Works with _________ to move body, Movement through _________ organs

A
  • bones

- hollow

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5
Q

-Matching - Organ Systems-

_________ System - Support and protection of body parts

A

Skeletal

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6
Q

-Matching - Organ Systems-

Skeletal System - Support and protection of _________

A

body parts

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7
Q

-Matching - Organ Systems-

_________ System - Detection of external and internal stimuli

A

Nervous

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8
Q

-Matching - Organ Systems-

Nervous System - Detection of external and internal _________

A

stimuli

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9
Q

-Matching - Organ Systems-

_________ System - Hormone control of body functions

A

Endocrine

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10
Q

-Matching - Organ Systems-

Endocrine System - Hormone control of _________

A

body functions

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11
Q

-Matching - Organ Systems-

_________ System - Rapid internal transportation of materials to and from cells

A

Circulatory

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12
Q

-Matching - Organ Systems-

Circulatory System - Rapid internal transportation of _________ to and from _________

A
  • materials

- cells

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13
Q

-Matching - Organ Systems-

_________ System - Collects and returns extra tissue fluids to the blood to be reused, To defend the body against invading microbes (infections)

A

Lymphatic

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14
Q

-Matching - Organ Systems-

Lymphatic System - Collects and returns extra tissue fluids to the _________ to be reused, To defend the body against invading _________ (infections)

A
  • blood

- microbes

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15
Q

-Matching - Organ Systems-

_________ System - lungs and other organs that help you to breathe

A

Respiratory

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16
Q

-Matching - Organ Systems-

Respiratory System - lungs and other organs that help you to _________

A

breathe

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17
Q

-Matching - Organ Systems-

_________ System - Ingestion of food and absorption of nutrients

A

Digestive

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18
Q

-Matching - Organ Systems-

Digestive System - Ingestion of food and absorption of _________

A

nutrients

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19
Q

-Matching - Organ Systems-

_________ System - Maintenance of the volume and composition of extracellular fluids

A

Urinary

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20
Q

-Matching - Organ Systems-

Urinary System - Maintenance of the volume and composition of _________ fluids

A

extracellular

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21
Q

-Matching - Organ Systems-

_________ System - Production of offspring

A

Reproductive

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22
Q

-Matching - Organ Systems-

Reproductive System - Production of _________

A

offspring

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23
Q

-Major Body Cavities-

_________ Cavity - Cushion (fluid) between the brain and head, connected to spinal cavity

A

Cranial

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24
Q

-Major Body Cavities-

Cranial Cavity - Cushion (fluid) between the brain and _________, connected to _________ cavity

A
  • head

- spinal

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25
Q

-Major Body Cavities-

_________ Cavity - Spinal cord sits in spinal cavity

A

Spinal

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26
Q

-Major Body Cavities-

Spinal Cavity - Spinal cord sits in _________ cavity

A

spinal

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27
Q

-Major Body Cavities-

_________ Cavity - Chest, contains heart and lungs, surrounded by ribs

A

Thoracic

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28
Q

-Major Body Cavities-

Thoracic Cavity - Chest, contains heart and
_________ , surrounded by _________

A
  • lungs

- ribs

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29
Q

-Major Body Cavities-

_________ Cavity - Below the diaphragm and above the top of your pelvis, contains liver and some of intestines

A

Abdominal

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30
Q

-Major Body Cavities-

Abdominal Cavity - Below the diaphragm and above the top of your _________, contains liver and some of _________

A
  • pelvis

- intestines

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31
Q

-Major Body Cavities-

_________ Cavity - Within the hips, functions for reproduction for females, also contains some intestines

A

Pelvic

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32
Q

-Major Body Cavities-

Pelvic Cavity - Within the hips, functions for reproduction for _________, also contains some _________

A
  • females

- intestines

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33
Q

-Directional Terms for Body Position-

_________ - Furthest from the trunk

A

Distal

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34
Q

-Directional Terms for Body Position-

Distal - _________ the trunk

A

Furthest from

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35
Q

-Directional Terms for Body Position-

_________ -Closet to the trunk

A

Proximal

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36
Q

-Directional Terms for Body Position-

Proximal - _________ the trunk

A

Closet to

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37
Q

-Directional Terms for Body Position-

_________ - At or near the back

A

Posterior

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38
Q

-Directional Terms for Body Position-

Posterior - At or near the _________

A

back

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39
Q

-Directional Terms for Body Position-

_________ - At or near the front

A

Anterior

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40
Q

-Directional Terms for Body Position-

Anterior - At or near the _________

A

front

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41
Q

-Directional Terms for Body Position-

_________ - Towards the head

A

Superior

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42
Q

-Directional Terms for Body Position-

Superior - Towards the _________

A

head

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43
Q

-Directional Terms for Body Position-

_________ - Towards the feet

A

Inferior

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44
Q

-Directional Terms for Body Position-

Inferior - Towards the _________

A

feet

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45
Q

-Directional Terms for Body Position-

_________ - Towards either side

A

Lateral

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46
Q

-Directional Terms for Body Position-

Lateral - Towards _________

A

either side

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47
Q

-Directional Terms for Body Position-

_________ - Towards the middle

A

Medial

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48
Q

-Directional Terms for Body Position-

Medial - Towards the _________

A

middle

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49
Q

-Three Types of Skeletons-

_________ - Forces are applied against a fluid (earthworm)

A

Hydrostatic skeleton

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50
Q

-Three Types of Skeletons-

Hydrostatic skeleton - Forces are applied against a _________ (earthworm)

A

fluid

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51
Q

-Three Types of Skeletons-

_________ - Forces are applied against a rigid external body covering (crayfish, grasshopper)

A

Exoskeleton

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52
Q

-Three Types of Skeletons-

Exoskeleton - Forces are applied against a rigid _________ body covering (_________ , grasshopper)

A
  • external

- crayfish

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53
Q

-Three Types of Skeletons-

_________ - Forces are applied against a rigid internal frame (bone and cartilage in humans)

A

Endoskeleton

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54
Q

-Three Types of Skeletons-

Endoskeleton - Forces are applied against a rigid _________ frame (bone and _________ in humans)

A
  • internal

- cartilage

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55
Q

-Function of Bone-

Bones work with _________ for movement

A

muscles

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56
Q

-Function of Bone-

Bones protect _________ organs

A

vital

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57
Q

-Function of Bone-

Bones support the _________ and other soft _________

A
  • skin

- organs

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58
Q

-Function of Bone-

Bones act as _________ for minerals (_________)

A
  • depositories

- storage

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59
Q

-Function of Bone-

Parts of bones are the site of red and white blood cell _________ (bone marrow)

A

production

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60
Q

-Four Types of Bone-

_________ bones - Have two ends and between is a shaft (Arm - elbow joint is shaft)

A

Long

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61
Q

-Four Types of Bone-

Long bones - Have two ends and between is a _________ (Arm - elbow joint is shaft)

A

shaft

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62
Q

-Four Types of Bone-

_________ bones - Cubicle or boxy (wrist or ankle - contain many bones)

A

Short

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63
Q

-Four Types of Bone-

Short bones - Cubicle or _________ (wrist or ankle - contain many _________ )

A
  • boxy

- bones

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64
Q

-Four Types of Bone-

_________ bones - Sternum, shoulder blade, pelvic

A

Flat

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65
Q

-Four Types of Bone-

Flat bones - Sternum, _________ blade, _________

A
  • shoulder

- pelvic

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66
Q

-Four Types of Bone-

_________ bones - Spines and indentations (Inner ear)

A

Irregular

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67
Q

-Four Types of Bone-

Irregular bones - Spines and _________ (Inner _________)

A
  • indentations

- ear

68
Q

bone is _________ tissue due to _________

A
  • living

- cells

69
Q

-Bone Structure-

_________ bone - Outer layer of all bone, hard and dense

A

Compact

70
Q

-Bone Structure-

Compact bone - Outer layer of all _________, hard and _________

A
  • bone

- dense

71
Q

-Bone Structure-

_________ bone - Found in the centers and ends of most bones and contain stem cells that are undifferentiated cells that will become blood cells

A

Spongy

72
Q

-Bone Structure-

Spongy bone - Found in the centers and _________ of most bones and contain _________ cells that are _________ cells that will become blood cells

A
  • ends
  • stem
  • undifferentiated
73
Q

There are approximately ____ bones in the human skeleton

A

206

74
Q

The skeletal system is divided into two skeletons

  • _________ Skeleton
  • _________ Skeleton
A
  • Axial

- Appendicular

75
Q

_________ Skeleton - Skulls, vertebral column (back bone), ribs, and sternum (breast bone)

A

Axial

76
Q

Axial Skeleton - Skulls, vertebral column (back bone), _________, and _________ (breast bone)

A
  • ribs

- sternum

77
Q

_________ Skeleton - Pelvic girdle and lower limbs and both of your pectoral girdles (shoulders) and your upper limbs

A

Appendicular

78
Q

Appendicular Skeleton - Pelvic girdle and lower limbs and both of your _________ girdles (shoulders) and your upper _________

A
  • pectoral

- limbs

79
Q

-Three types of Joints-

_________ Joints - Freely moveable joints, Has synovial fluid and cartilage to cushion the bones

A

Synovial

80
Q

-Three types of Joints-

Synovial Joints - Freely moveable joints, Has synovial _________ and cartilage to _________ the bones

A
  • fluid

- cushion

81
Q

-Three types of Joints-

_________ Joints - Cartilage between the bones, no gap for fluid

A

Cartilaginous

82
Q

-Three types of Joints-

Cartilaginous Joints - Cartilage between the bones, no _________ for _________

A
  • gap

- fluid

83
Q

-Three types of Joints-

_________ Joints - Bone to bone connectors in the skull, no fluid or cartilage between them, No movement

A

Fibrous

84
Q

-Three types of Joints-

Fibrous Joints - Bone to bone connectors in the _________, no fluid or _________ between them, No movement

A
  • skull

- cartilage

85
Q

-Three types of muscular tissue-

_________ muscle - Work with the skeleton to move the skeleton

A

Skeletal

86
Q

-Three types of muscular tissue-

_________ muscle - Pumps blood through the body

A

Cardiac

87
Q

-Three types of muscular tissue-

_________ muscle - Forces materials through hollow organs

A

Smooth

88
Q

-Common Muscle Characteristics-

Muscles contract or _________, they never _________

A
  • pull

- push

89
Q

-Common Muscle Characteristics-

Muscles contract in _________ to an _________

A
  • response

- impulse

90
Q

-Common Muscle Characteristics-

Muscles are _________ (Stretchy and return to their normal _________)

A
  • elastic

- shape

91
Q

_________ - Muscles that you Can Not consciously control

A

Involuntary

92
Q

Involuntary - Muscles that you _________ consciously control

A

Can Not

93
Q

_________ - Muscles you Can consciously control

A

Voluntary

94
Q

Voluntary - Muscles you _________ consciously control

A

Can

95
Q

-Three Components of the Circulatory System-

_________ - Fluid connective tissue that is made of water, solutes, and formed elements

A

Blood

96
Q

-Three Components of the Circulatory System-

Blood - Fluid connective tissue that is made of _________ , solutes, and formed _________

A
  • water

- elements

97
Q

-Three Components of the Circulatory System-

_________ - A muscular pump that generates pressure to keep the blood flowing

A

Heart

98
Q

-Three Components of the Circulatory System-

Heart - A muscular pump that generates _________ to keep the _________ flowing

A
  • pressure

- blood

99
Q

-Three Components of the Circulatory System-

_________ - Tubes of various diameters through which the blood is transported

A

Blood Vessels

100
Q

-Three Components of the Circulatory System-

Blood Vessels - Tubes of various _________ through which the _________ is transported

A
  • diameters

- blood

101
Q

-Two Types of Circulatory Systems-

_________ system - Blood is pumped by a heart into a large tissue space where the organs are bathed by the blood. Blood is returned to the heart at a leisure rate

A

Open

102
Q

-Two Types of Circulatory Systems-

Open system - Blood is pumped by a heart into a large _________ space where the organs are _________ by the blood. Blood is returned to the heart at a _________ rate

A
  • tissue
  • bathed
  • leisure
103
Q

-Two Types of Circulatory Systems-

_________ system - All of the blood is contained in blood vessels and the heart at all times. Blood volume is constant and blood flow slows as the blood moves through the smaller diameter blood vessels

A

Closed

104
Q

-Two Types of Circulatory Systems-

Closed system - All of the blood is contained in blood vessels and the _________ at all times. Blood volume is _________ and blood flow slows as the blood moves through the _________ diameter blood vessels

A
  • heart
  • constant
  • smaller
105
Q

-Blood Flow Pathway-

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
>>>>>>
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_  - Blood flowing away from heart
>>>>>>
Arterioles
>>>>>>
Capillaries
>>>>>>
Venules - Blood flowing toward the heart
>>>>>>
Veins
>>>>>>
Heart
A
  • Heart

- Arteries

106
Q

-Blood Flow Pathway-

Heart
>>>>>>
Arteries - Blood flowing away from heart
>>>>>>
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
>>>>>>
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
>>>>>>
Venules - Blood flowing toward the heart
>>>>>>
Veins
>>>>>>
Heart
A
  • Arterioles

- Capillaries

107
Q

-Blood Flow Pathway-

Heart
>>>>>>
Arteries - Blood flowing away from heart
>>>>>>
Arterioles
>>>>>>
Capillaries
>>>>>>
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_  - Blood flowing toward the heart
>>>>>>
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
>>>>>>
Heart
A
  • Venules

- Veins

108
Q

-Blood Flow Pathway-

Heart
>>>>>>
Arteries - Blood flowing \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ from heart
>>>>>>
Arterioles
>>>>>>
Capillaries
>>>>>>
Venules - Blood flowing \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the heart
>>>>>>
Veins
>>>>>>
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A
  • away
  • toward
  • Heart
109
Q

-Blood Flow Pathway-

Heart
>>>>>>
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_  - Blood flowing away from heart
>>>>>>
Arterioles
>>>>>>
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
>>>>>>
Venules - Blood flowing toward the heart
>>>>>>
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
>>>>>>
Heart
A
  • Arteries
  • Capillaries
  • Veins
110
Q
  • Function of Blood-
    i. _________
    ii. Blood contains phagocytes (white blood cells that fight infections)
    iii. The blood helps stabilize _________
    iv. Help stabilize body temperature (98.6)
A
  • Transportation

- internal Ph

111
Q
  • Function of Blood-
    i. Transportation
    ii. Blood contains _________ (white blood cells that fight infections)
    iii. The blood helps stabilize internal Ph
    iv. Help stabilize _________
A
  • phagocytes

- body temperature (98.6)

112
Q
  • Function of Blood-
    i. Transportation
    ii. _________ contains phagocytes (white blood cells that fight infections)
    iii. The blood helps stabilize internal Ph
    iv. Help stabilize body temperature (___)
A
  • Blood

- 98.6

113
Q

Average adult has about ___ liters of blood (about 5 quarts)

A

5.5

114
Q

-Formed elements within the Blood-

_________:

1) The fluid part of blood (mostly water)
2) Contains minerals, lipids, amino acids, vitamins, hormones, etc.

A

Plasma

115
Q

-Formed elements within the Blood-

Plasma:

1) The _________ part of blood (mostly water)
2) Contains minerals, lipids, _________, vitamins, _________, etc.

A
  • fluid
  • amino acids
  • hormones
116
Q

-Formed elements within the Blood-

_________ :

1) To transport oxygen
2) Coated with hemoglobin with iron, and the oxygen binds with the iron
3) Average red blood cell lives about 120 days

A

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) (RBC’s)

117
Q

-Formed elements within the Blood-

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) (RBC’s):

1) To transport _________
2) Coated with hemoglobin with iron, and the oxygen binds with the iron
3) Average red blood cell lives about ___ days

A
  • oxygen

- 120

118
Q

-Formed elements within the Blood-

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) (RBC’s):

1) To transport oxygen
2) Coated with _________ with iron, and the _________ binds with the iron
3) Average red blood cell lives about 120 days

A
  • hemoglobin

- oxygen

119
Q

-Formed elements within the Blood-

_________ :

1) To remove dead and or worn out cells
2) To protect you against invading microbes (infection)

A

White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)

120
Q

-Formed elements within the Blood-

White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)

1) To remove dead and or worn out _________
2) To protect you against invading _________ (infection)

A
  • cells

- microbes

121
Q

-Formed elements within the Blood-

_________ :

For clotting (plug the hole)

A

Platelets

122
Q

_________ Circulation - The right side of the heart pumping blood to the lungs and then back to the left side of the heart

A

Pulmonary

123
Q

Pulmonary Circulation - The _________ side of the heart pumping blood to the _________ and then back to the left side of the heart

A
  • right

- lungs

124
Q

_________ Circulation - The left side of the heart pumping blood to the rest of the body and back to the right side of the heart

A

Systematic

125
Q

Systematic Circulation - The _________ side of the heart pumping blood to the rest of the _________ and back to the right side of the heart

A
  • left

- body

126
Q

_________ - Durable pump that is made mostly of cardiac muscle

A

Heart

127
Q

Heart - Durable pump that is made mostly of _________ muscle

A

cardiac

128
Q

_________ - Two chambers in the upper portion of the heart and their function is to receive blood

A

Atriums

129
Q

Atriums - Two chambers in the _________ portion of the heart and their function is to receive _________

A
  • upper

- blood

130
Q

_________ - Two lower chambers of the heart and their function is to pump the blood

A

Ventricles

131
Q

Ventricles - Two _________ chambers of the heart and their _________ is to pump the blood

A
  • lower

- function

132
Q

-Cardiac Cycle-

_________ - The heart is having a contraction

A

Systole

133
Q

-Cardiac Cycle-

Systole - The heart is having a _________

A

contraction

134
Q

-Cardiac Cycle-

_________ - The period between contractions, when the heart is relaxed

A

Diastole

135
Q

-Cardiac Cycle-

Diastole - The period _________ contractions, when the heart is _________

A
  • between

- relaxed

136
Q
  • Blood Pressure-
    i. Blood pressure _________ as the blood flows away from the _________
    ii. Sphygmomanometer - Used to measure blood pressure

iii. Normal adult blood pressure
- – Systolic pressure - Normal is 120 plus your age up to 140
- –Diastolic pressure - 80

A
  • drops

- heart

137
Q
  • Blood Pressure-
    i. Blood pressure drops as the blood flows away from the heart
    ii. _________ - Used to measure blood pressure

iii. Normal adult blood pressure
- – Systolic pressure - Normal is 120 plus your age up to 140
- –Diastolic pressure - 80

A

-Sphygmomanometer

138
Q
  • Blood Pressure-
    i. Blood pressure drops as the blood flows away from the heart
    ii. Sphygmomanometer - Used to measure blood pressure

iii. Normal adult blood pressure
- – Systolic pressure - Normal is ___ plus your age up to 140
- –Diastolic pressure - ____

A
  • 120

- 80

139
Q

Normal adult blood pressure

_________ pressure - Normal is 120 plus your age up to 140

_________ pressure - 80

A
  • Systolic

- Diastolic

140
Q

-Capillary Function-

_________ zone - The area of exchange between the blood and the cells of the body

A

Diffusion

141
Q

-Capillary Function-

Diffusion zone - The area of exchange between the _________ and the _________ of the body

A
  • blood

- cells

142
Q

-Capillary Function-

_________ - The smallest of the blood vessels

A

-Capillaries

143
Q

-Capillary Function-

Capillaries - The _________ of the blood _________

A
  • smallest

- vessels

144
Q

All cells of the human body have surface _________ and other molecules that serve as “_________” markers

A
  • proteins

- self

145
Q

The human body also has _________ that recognize these protein markers and foreign _________

A
  • antibodies

- cells

146
Q

-ABO Blood typing-

1) ABO is based on surface _________ on the _________
2) Type A has the A protein marker
3) Type B has the B protein marker
4) Type AB has both the A and B protein marker
5) Type O has neither the A or the B protein marker

A
  • markers

- RBCs

147
Q

-ABO Blood typing-

1) ABO is based on surface markers on the RBCs
2) Type A has the A protein marker
3) Type B has the B protein marker
4) Type AB has both the A and B protein marker
5) Type ___ has neither the A or the B protein marker

A

O

148
Q

_________ - A mixing of blood types which results in clumping of the blood

A

Agglutination

149
Q

Agglutination - A mixing of blood types which results in _________ of the blood

A

clumping

150
Q

Rh (-) _________ the Rh protein marker

Rh (+) _________ the Rh protein marker

A
  • lacks

- has

151
Q

Most animals have some sort of _________ system to bring oxygen and take out _________

A
  • respiratory

- carbon dioxide

152
Q

_________ -

  • Integumentary Exchange
  • Gills
  • Lungs
A

Modes of Respiration

153
Q

-Modes of Respiration-

_________ - Where gases are exchanged directly through the skin. (Must have a small moist body - earthworm)

A

Integumentary Exchange

154
Q

-Modes of Respiration-

Integumentary Exchange - Where gases are exchanged directly through the _________ . (Must have a small moist body - _________ )

A
  • skin

- earthworm

155
Q

-Modes of Respiration-

_________ - Work by countercurrent flow, where water flows over the gills in one direction while the blood inside the gills flows in the opposite direction

A

Gills

156
Q

-Modes of Respiration-

Gills - Work by countercurrent flow, where _________ flows over the gills in one direction while the _________ inside the gills flows in the opposite direction

A
  • water

- blood

157
Q

-Modes of Respiration-

Airways to the lungs - _________ cavity

A

Nasal

158
Q

-Airways to the lungs -

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
>>>>>
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
>>>>>
Larynx
>>>>>
Vocal Cords
>>>>>
Trachea
>>>>> 
Bronchi
>>>>> 
Bronchioles
>>>>>
Alveoli
A
  • Nasal cavity

- Pharynx

159
Q

-Airways to the lungs -

Nasal cavity
>>>>>
Pharynx
>>>>>
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
>>>>>
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
>>>>>
Trachea
>>>>> 
Bronchi
>>>>> 
Bronchioles
>>>>>
Alveoli
A
  • Larynx

- Vocal Cords

160
Q

-Airways to the lungs -

Nasal cavity
>>>>>
Pharynx
>>>>>
Larynx
>>>>>
Vocal Cords
>>>>>
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
>>>>> 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
>>>>> 
Bronchioles
>>>>>
Alveoli
A
  • Trachea

- Bronchi

161
Q

-Airways to the lungs -

Nasal cavity
>>>>>
Pharynx
>>>>>
Larynx
>>>>>
Vocal Cords
>>>>>
Trachea
>>>>> 
Bronchi
>>>>> 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
>>>>>
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A
  • Bronchioles

- Alveoli

162
Q

-Airways to the lungs -

Nasal cavity
>>>>>
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
>>>>>
Larynx
>>>>>
Vocal Cords
>>>>>
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
>>>>> 
Bronchi
>>>>> 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
>>>>>
Alveoli
A
  • Pharynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchioles
163
Q

The nasal cavity

  • Filters _________ particles out
  • _________ the air
  • warms the _________
A
  • dust
  • moistens
  • air
164
Q

_________ - Site of gas exchange

A

Alveoli

165
Q
  • When the diaphragm _________ you inhale

- When the diaphragm _________ you exhale

A
  • contracts

- relaxes

Biology 107 (19 decks)

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