Test 2 - Chapters 10-12

Question 1

_________ - Instructions for producing a trait (Found on DNA)

Answer 1

Gene

Question 2

_________ - Location of a gene on a chromosome

Answer 2

Locus

Question 3

_________ - The various molecular forms of a gene form the same trait

Answer 3

Allele

Question 4

_________ - Two genes per trait

Answer 4

Diploid Cell

Question 5

_________ - One gene per trait

Answer 5

Haploid Cell

Question 6

_________ - Both alleles are the same

Answer 6

Homozygous

Question 7

_________ - Both alleles are different

Answer 7

Heterozygous

Question 8

_________ - The allele that covers up the expression of the other allele

Answer 8

Dominant Allele

Question 9

_________ - The allele that is hidden by the other allele (by the dominant allele)

Answer 9

Recessive Allele

Question 10

_________ - How the genes are expressed (what you see - dimple)

Answer 10

Phenotype

Question 11

_________ - The sum of the genes (the way you write down the allele sybols - RR, Rr, rr)

Answer 11

Genotype

Question 12

_________ - parent generation (first generation when we start our crosses)

Answer 12

P generation

Question 13

_________ - first generation of offspring from the P generation (Kids of P generation)

Answer 13

F1 generation

Question 14

_________ - second generation of offspring from the P generation (Grandkids of P generation)

Answer 14

F2 generation

Question 15

Gregor _________ - Father of modern genetics

Answer 15

Mendel

Question 16

Mendels Theory of _________

Answer 16

Segregation

Question 17

_________ - states that diploid organisms inherit two genes per trait and during meiosis, gene pairs segregate so that each gamete will receive only one gene per trait

Answer 17

Theory of segregation

Question 18

Theory of segregation - states that diploid organisms inherit _________ genes per trait and during meiosis, gene pairs segregate so that each _________ will receive only one gene per trait

Answer 18

• two

- gamete

Question 19

_________ crosses have two parents that are true-breeding for contrasting forms of a trait i.e. AA and aa

Answer 19

Monohybrid

Question 20

_________ - the dominant allele can not completely cover up the expression of the recessive allele (blending - white flower + red flower = pink flower)

Answer 20

Incomplete Dominance

Question 21

_________ - Both alleles are expressed as dominant in heterozygous individuals

Answer 21

Co-Dominance

Question 22

_________ - Whenever there are two forms of alleles per trait

Answer 22

Multiple alleles

Question 23

_________ - occurs when a single gene affects unrelated aspects of the phenotype

Answer 23

Pleiotrophy

Question 24

_________ Inheritance - There are a number of different pairs of alleles that combine to produce the trait

Answer 24

Polygenic

Question 25

_________ Genes - Genes that are found on the sex chromosomes

Answer 25

Sex-linked

Question 26

_________ Crosses (Double Factor Crosses)

Answer 26

Dihybrid

Question 27

_________ - Instructions for producing traits

Answer 27

Gene

Question 28

_________ - The gene form that can cover up the expression of the other gene form

Answer 28

Dominant

Question 29

_________ - The gene form that is being hidden by the other gene form

Answer 29

Recessive Allele

Question 30

_________ - The study of similarities and differences in genes between populations

Answer 30

Population Genetics

Question 31

_________ - The way genes are expressed, what you can see

Answer 31

Phenotype

Question 32

_________ - Varieties of a species that may have been produced through artificial selection by humans

Answer 32

Breeds

Question 33

_________ evolve not individuals

Answer 33

Populations

Question 34

Populations are members of the same _________

Answer 34

species

Question 35

A population exhibits variations among the individuals but they hold certain morphological,_________, and behavioral traits in common

Answer 35

physiological

Question 36

_________ - All the genes in the entire population

Answer 36

Gene Pool

Question 37

Environment can affect _________ not genotype

Answer 37

phenotypes

Question 38

_________ - A measure of the abundance of each kind of allele in a population

Answer 38

Allele frequencies

Question 39

Evolution can be detected - By a change in allele _________ over time

Answer 39

frequency

Question 40

Five conditions that are necessary in order for a population to be _________ (not evolving) 1) No mutations are occurring 2) The population is getting larger (things don’t change quickly) 3) The population is isolated from other populations of the same species 4) All members of the population survive long enough to mate & reproduce 5) There is no sexual selection (mating is random)

Answer 40

stable

Question 41

_________ - is a change in allele frequency

Answer 41

Microevolution

Question 42

Microevolution - is a change in allele frequency that is brought on by i. Mutation ii. Genetic flow iii. Genetic drift iv. _________ v. Non-random mating

Answer 42

Natural selection

Question 43

_________ are heritable changes in DNA that can alter the way genes are expressed

Answer 43

Mutations

Question 44

_________ are random

Answer 44

Mutations

Question 45

Mutations can be neutral, _________, harmful, or lethal

Answer 45

beneficial

Question 46

_________ mutation - Does not hurt or help you

Answer 46

Neutral

Question 47

_________ mutation - Increase survival of individual

Answer 47

Beneficial

Question 48

_________ mutation - Decrease survival of individual

Answer 48

Harmful

Question 49

_________ mutation - Kills you

Answer 49

Lethal

Question 50

_________ - The movement of genes

Answer 50

Genetic Flow (Gene Flow)

Question 51

Genes move with _________

Answer 51

individuals

Question 52

_________ - Leaving population

Answer 52

Emigration

Question 53

_________ - Moving into population

Answer 53

Immigration

Question 54

_________ may increase or decrease variations between populations

Answer 54

Genetic drift

Question 55

_________ - A few members of a population leave the original population to start a new population

Answer 55

Founder effect

Question 56

_________ - Some stressful event greatly reduces the size of a population leaving only a few members to start the population over

Answer 56

Bottleneck

Question 57

_________ - Accounts for more changes in allele frequencies than any other micro-evolutionary process

Answer 57

Natural Selection

Question 58

-Natural Selection- Some individuals are more successful - thank others in surviving & reproducing because of their _________

Answer 58

genes

Question 59

-Natural Selection- The _________ of those individuals - That reproduce will _________ in frequencies in populations

Answer 59

- alleles | - increase

Question 60

_________ : Occurs when one member of a is not equally likely to mate with any other member -Some females choose who to mate with & male competes to be chosen

Answer 60

Nonrandom Mating

Question 61

_________ Selection is nonrandom mating

Answer 61

Sexual

Question 62

_________ Selection - Selects for the average phenotype

Answer 62

Stabilizing

Question 63

_________ Selection - Favors or selects for extreme phenotypes

Answer 63

Disruptive

Question 64

_________ - The process of generating a new species

Answer 64

Speciation

Question 65

_________ - Genes in a population became different over time

Answer 65

Genetic Divergence

Question 66

- The movement of an entire species from one location to another. Moving then coming back

Answer 66

Migration

Question 67

_________ - Local population

Answer 67

Deme

Question 68

_________ - is the change in a population over generations of time.

Answer 68

Evolution

Question 69

Individuals cannot evolve, only _________ evolve.

Answer 69

populations

Question 70

_________ - Attempted to explain the natural world by making direct observations

Answer 70

Aristotle

Question 71

_________ - The study of the past & present distribution of organisms on earth

Answer 71

Biogeography

Question 72

_________ - evidence of pre-existing organisms that have gone extinct

Answer 72

fossil

Question 73

_________ explanation- | Perhaps species originated in more than one place & speices became modified overtime

Answer 73

de Buffon's

Question 74

George Cuvier's Theory of _________

Answer 74

Catastrophism

Question 75

George Cuvier's Theory of Catastrophism: He believed in original creation of all _________

Answer 75

organism

Question 76

Lamarck's Theory of Inheritance of Acquired _________

Answer 76

Characteristics

Question 77

Lamarck believed that simple forms had changed into more complex ones through a built in drive for _________ in order to move up the great chain of being.

Answer 77

perfection

Question 78

Charles Darwin's Theory of _________

Answer 78

Natural Selection

Question 79

_________ - the differential survival and reproduction of individuals with certain inherited traits

Answer 79

Natural Selection