Test 4 - Topic 19 Flashcards
_________ digestive system - A mouth followed by a sac like gut - What cant be digested is brought back up through the mouth
Incomplete
Incomplete digestive system - A mouth followed by a sac like _________ - What cant be digested is brought back up through the _________
- gut
- mouth
_________ digestive system - Starts with the mouth, followed by specialized organs for digestion and ends with the anus.
Complete
Complete digestive system - Starts with the mouth, followed by specialized _________ for digestion and ends with the _________ .
- organs
- anus
_________ - (i.e. cows) may eat grass continuously and have multiple stomachs to digest cellulose
Ruminants
Ruminants - (i.e. cows) may eat grass continuously and have _________ stomachs to digest _________
- multiple
- cellulose
_________ - (i.e. snakes) have structures for food storage. They will eat a large amount at one time and use those nutrients for a long period of time
Discontinuous feeders
Discontinuous feeders - (i.e. snakes) have structures for food _________ . They will eat a large amount at one time and use those _________ for a long period of time
- storage
- nutrients
-The digestive process-
_________ - Dealing with the breaking down, mixing, and transportation of ingested nutrients and the elimination of waste
Movement
-The digestive process-
Movement - Dealing with the breaking down, _________, and transportation of ingested nutrients and the _________ of waste
- mixing
- elimination
-The digestive process-
_________ - Release of enzymes and hormones that are needed to break down the nutrients
Secretions
-The digestive process-
Secretions - Release of enzymes and _________ that are needed to break down the _________
- hormones
- nutrients
-The digestive process-
_________ - Physical breakdown of food matter to molecules small enough to be absorbed
Digestion
-The digestive process-
Digestion - Physical breakdown of food matter to _________ small enough to be _________
- molecules
- absorbed
-The digestive process-
_________ - The movement of nutrient molecules into the blood
Absorption
-The digestive process-
Absorption - The movement of _________ molecules into the _________
- nutrient
- blood
The human digestive system - Can be __ to __ meters long
- 6
- 9
-Human digestive system- Specialized regions-
1) _________
2) _________
3) Esophagus
4) Stomach
5) Small intestines
6) Large intestine (Colon)
7) Rectum
8) Anus
- Mouth
- Pharynx
-Human digestive system- Specialized regions-
1) Mouth
2) Pharynx
3) _________
4) _________
5) Small intestines
6) Large intestine (Colon)
7) Rectum
8) Anus
- Esophagus
- Stomach
-Human digestive system- Specialized regions-
1) Mouth
2) Pharynx
3) Esophagus
4) _________
5) _________
6) Large intestine (Colon)
7) Rectum
8) Anus
- Stomach
- Small intestines
-Human digestive system- Specialized regions-
1) Mouth
2) Pharynx
3) Esophagus
4) Stomach
5) Small intestines
6) _________
7) _________
8) Anus
- Large intestine (Colon)
- Rectum
-Human digestive system- Specialized regions-
1) Mouth
2) _________
3) Esophagus
4) Stomach
5) _________
6) Large intestine (Colon)
7) Rectum
8) _________
- Pharynx
- Small intestines
- Anus
_________ :
1) Salivary glands
2) Liver with gall bladder
3) Pancreas
Accessory organs (glands)
Accessory organs (glands)
1) _________ glands
2) Liver with gall bladder
3) _________
- Salivary
- Pancreas
Accessory organs (glands)
1) Salivary glands
2) _________ with gall _________
3) Pancreas
- Liver
- bladder
_________ :
is responsible for the mechanical breakdown of food. Mixes the food with Saliva
The mouth
The mouth is responsible for the mechanical breakdown of food. Mixes the _________ with _________
- food
- Saliva
_________ neutralizes mouth (buffer) Saliva _________ food
- Saliva
- lubricates
-Mixing of food with saliva-
1) Mechanical _________ of food
2) Mixes food with saliva
3) Saliva begins _________ breakdown
- breakdown
- carbohydrate
_________ - The nasal cavity and the oral cavity join and passes through
Pharynx
Pharynx - The nasal cavity and the _________ cavity join and _________ through
- oral
- passes
_________ - Tube food passes through
Esophagus
Stomach - Muscular sac that stores and mixes food. Substances are secreted that _________ and degrade the food. _________ are broken down. _________ rate that food enters small intestine
- dissolve
- Proteins
- Control
_________ :
i. Absorption of nutrients takes place
ii. Secretions from the pancreas and liver enter the small intestine
iii. Digestion
iv. Absorption
Small Intestine
Small Intestine
i. Absorption of _________ takes place
ii. Secretions from the pancreas and liver enter the small intestine
iii. _________
iv. Absorption
- nutrients
- Digestion
Small Intestine :
i. Absorption of nutrients takes place
ii. Secretions from the _________ and liver enter the small intestine
iii. Digestion
iv. _________
- pancreas
- Absorption
Small Intestine - Digestion
1) Enzymes act on all large molecules to make them smaller
2) _________ buffers the acid that enters the small intestine from the _________ as food passes through - (The Pancreas)
3) Bile is secreted to speed up fat digestion (The liver and gall bladder) [Liver makes the bile, the gall bladder stores the bile]
- Bicarbonate
- stomach
Small Intestine - Digestion
1) Enzymes act on all large _________ to make them _________
2) Bicarbonate buffers the acid that enters the small intestine from the stomach as food passes through - (The Pancreas)
3) Bile is secreted to speed up fat digestion (The liver and gall bladder) [Liver makes the bile, the gall bladder stores the bile]
- molecules
- smaller
Small Intestine - Digestion
1) Enzymes act on all large molecules to make them smaller
2) Bicarbonate buffers the acid that enters the small intestine from the stomach as food passes through - (The Pancreas)
3) _________ is secreted to speed up fat _________ (The liver and gall bladder) [Liver makes the bile, the gall bladder stores the bile]
- Bile
- digestion
Small Intestine - Absorption
1) The small intestine has small finger-like projections that _________ the surface area of the intestine wall which allows for more _________
2) Glucose and amino acids cross the gut lining by active transport and enters the bloodstream
3) Water and ions are absorbed by diffusion
- increases
- absorption
Small Intestine - Absorption
1) The small intestine has small finger -like projections that increases the surface area of the intestine wall which allows for more absorption
2) _________ and amino acids cross the gut lining by _________ transport and enters the bloodstream
3) Water and ions are absorbed by diffusion
- Glucose
- active
Small Intestine - Absorption
1) The small intestine has small finger -like projections that increases the surface area of the intestine wall which allows for more absorption
2) Glucose and amino acids cross the gut lining by active transport and enters the bloodstream
3) Water and _________ are absorbed by _________
- ions
- diffusion
_________ - To store and concentrate fece
Large intestine (colon)
_________ - Feces storage
Rectum
_________ - Controls the elimination of waste
Anus
To maintain an acceptable weight - The _________ intake must balance with energy _________
- caloric
- output
Body Mass Index (BMI)
- Multiply your weight in pounds by ___
- Then divide that result by your height in inches squared
703
- A BMI of less than ___ is good
- A BMI of 25 to ___ is overweight
- A BMI of more than ___ is considered obese
- 25
- 29
- 30
_________ - An excess of fat in body tissues
Obesity
Obese is __% heavier than your ideal weight)
25
_________ :
- Carbohydrates
- Fats or lipids
- Proteins
Three Main Food Molecules
-Three Main Food Molecules-
_________ - 60% to 80% - Molecules that supply energy to the cells
Carbohydrates
-Three Main Food Molecules-
Complex _________ provide glucose as well as fiber, _________, and minerals
- Carbohydrates
- vitamins
-Three Main Food Molecules-
Carbohydrates - ___% to ___% - Molecules that supply energy to the cells
- 60
- 80
-Three Main Food Molecules-
_________ - 10% to 30% - Provide insulation and cushioning for vital organs
-An energy reserve
Fats or lipids
-Three Main Food Molecules-
Fats or lipids - ___% to ___% - Provide insulation and cushioning for vital organs
-An energy reserve
- 10
- 30
-Three Main Food Molecules-
_________ - 12% - made up of amino acids
Proteins
-Three Main Food Molecules-
Proteins - ___% - made up of amino acids
12
Proteins are made up of ___ total amino acids, ___ are essential (must be supplied in the diet)
- 20
- 8
_________ deficiency is most damaging in young people, it can cause _________ and physical retardation
- Protein
- mental
_________ - Organic molecules that we need for our metabolism but our bodies cant make
Vitamins
Vitamin __, helps fight cancer - (get it from milk, ________)
- D
- sun
_________ - Inorganic elements that are needed for metabolism and your body can’t make them
Minerals
