Test 4 Review Flashcards
Proliferative Phase
Build up of the uterine wall
Dominated by estrogen, which causes the uterine lining (endometrium) to thicken
Secretory Phase
Phase immediately surrounding ovulation. If egg is not fertilized during this phase, estrogen level drops sharply.
Progesterone level dominates.
Ischemic Phase
Estrogen and progesterone levels fall.
Menstrual Phase
Ischemic endometrium is shed.
PID
Pelvic Inflammatory disease Commonly occurs in women 15-24 who are sexually active. Common causes are Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Signs and Symptoms: Pain Shuffling gait Fever Chills Nausea Vomiting Sepsis Foul-smelling vaginal discharge Obvious rebound tenderness
Mittelschmerz
Abdominal pain associated with ovulation Signs and Symptoms: Unilateral lower quadrant pain Low-grade fever Bleeding at time of ovulation
Endometritis
Infection of the endometrium Signs and symptoms: Severe lower abdominal pain Bloody, foul-smelling discharge Fever between 101 and 104°F Usually occurs 48 to 72 hours after the gynecological procedure or miscarriage
How to treat gynecological trauma
Put pressure on site Established IV is bleeding a severe Transport and left lateral recumbent position Objectively state what happened Document what patient says
What changes are generally associated with pregnancy?
Breast enlargement
Progesterone causes decreasing airway resistance that results in 20% increase in oxygen consumption and 40% increase in tile volume.
Maternal blood volume increases by 45%
Pregnant female may suffer 30 to 35% blood loss without significant change in vital signs
Maternal heart rate increases by 10 to 15 bees per minute
Estrogen increases thickness of vaginal mucosa
Peristalsis is slowed
How many umbilical veins are there in an infant?
One
How many umbilical arteries are there in an infant?
Two
Ductus Venosus
Specialized structure that allows the umbilical vein to connect to the inferior vena cava of the infant.
Ductus arteriosus
Specialized structure that allows the pulmonary artery to connect directly with the aorta of an infant
Foramen Ovale
A hole in the heart of the unborn infant between the right and left atria
Placenta previa
Nonpainful cause of bleeding in pregnancy
Cost to buy placenta covering the cervix
Abruptio Placenta
Painful cause of bleeding in pregnancy
Caused when the placenta begins to tear away from the uterine wall