Infections Disease: Vocabulary

Question 1

Infectious disease

Answer 1

Illness caused by infestation of body by biological organisms

Question 2

Index case

Answer 2

The individual who first introduced an infectious agent to a population

Question 3

Normal flora

Answer 3

Organisms that live inside our bodies without ordinarily causing disease

Question 4

Pathogen

Answer 4

Organism capable of causing disease

Question 5

Opportunistic pathogen

Answer 5

Ordinarily non-harmful bacteria that causes disease only under unusual circumstances

Question 6

Bacteria

Answer 6

Microscopic single cell organisms that range in length from 1 to 20 µm

Question 7

Gram Stain

Answer 7

Method of differentiating types of bacteria according to their reaction to a chemical stain process

Question 8

Exotoxin

Answer 8

Toxic waste Products released by living bacteria

Question 9

Endotoxin

Answer 9

Toxic products released when bacteria die and decompose

Question 10

Bactericidal

Answer 10

Capable of killing bacteria

Question 11

Bacteriostatic

Answer 11

Capable of inhibiting bacterial growth for reproduction

Question 12

Viruses

Answer 12

Disease causing organisms that can be seen only with an electron microscope

Question 13

Obligate intracellular parasite

Answer 13

Organism that can grow and reproduce only within a host cell

Question 14

Prions

Answer 14

Particles of protein, folded in such a way that proteins enzymes cannot act on them

Question 15

Fungi

Answer 15

Plantlike microorganisms; singular: fungus.

Question 16

Protozoa

Answer 16

Single cell parasitic organisms with flexible membranes and the ability to move.

Question 17

Parasites

Answer 17

Organisms that live in or on another organism

Question 18

Pinworms

Answer 18

Parasites that are 3 to 10 mm long and live in the distal colon.

Question 19

Hookworm

Answer 19

Parasites that attach to the host intestinal lining

Question 20

Trichinosis

Answer 20

Disease resulting from an infestation of Trichinilla spiralis

Question 21

Reservoir

Answer 21

Any living creature or environment that can Harbor an infectious agent.

Question 22

Contamination

Answer 22

Presence of an agent only on the surface of a host without penetrating it.

Question 23

Infection

Answer 23

Presence of agent within the host, without necessarily causing disease

Question 24

Latent period

Answer 24

Time when a host cannot transmit an infectious agent to someone else

Question 25

Communicable period

Answer 25

Time when a hosts can transmit an infectious agent to someone else.

Question 26

Incubation period

Answer 26

Time between the hosts exposure to an infectious agent and the appearance of symptoms

Question 27

Antigen

Answer 27

Surface protein on most viruses and bacteria that identify them as self or non-himself

Question 28

Antibody

Answer 28

Protein that is produced in response to and that attacks a disease antigen

Question 29

Seroconversion

Answer 29

Creation of antibodies after exposure to disease

Question 30

Window phase

Answer 30

Time between exposure to a disease and Cerro conversion

Question 31

PPD

Answer 31

Purified protein derivative, the substance use is a test for tuberculosis

Question 32

Decontaminate

Answer 32

To destroy or remove pathogens

Question 33

Disinfect

Answer 33

To destroy certain forms of Micro organisms, but not all.

Question 34

Low level of disinfection

Answer 34

Destroys the most bacteria and some viruses- used for routine housecleaning, removing visible body fluids

Question 35

Intermediate level disinfection

Answer 35

Destroys microbacterium tuberculosis and most viruses and fungi. Does not destroy bacterial spores. 1:10 - 1:100 chlorine bleach solution is acceptable.

Question 36

High-level disinfection

Answer 36

Destroys all forms of micro organisms except certain bacterial spores

Question 37

Sterilization

Answer 37

Destroys all microorganisms and is required for all contaminated invasive instruments