Pulmonology Test Review

Question 1

What is our drive to breath based off of?

Answer 1

CO2

Question 2

A reactive airway disease that is stimulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors

Answer 2

Asthma

Question 3

Extrinsic risk factors

Answer 3

Risk factors that are external to the patient i.e. Cigarette smoking

Question 4

Intrinsic risk factors

Answer 4

Risk factors that are internal to the patient i.e. Genetic predisposition

Question 5

What test measures the amount of expired air in the patient with respiratory problems?

Answer 5

PEFR

Question 6

What causes Pneumonia?

Answer 6

Bacteria

Question 7

What is one factor that can help differentiate pneumonia from COPD?

Answer 7

Fever

Question 8

Consolidation

Answer 8

A condition that may exist in a patient with pneumonia in which an area of the lung gills with fluid and cellular debris.

Question 9

First line treatment for reactive airway disease would include…

Answer 9

Albuterol

Question 10

Peep does what for the Alveoli?

Answer 10

Keeps them open

Question 11

Resultant respiratory alkalosis associated with hyperventilation syndrome is due to excessive loss of what?

Answer 11

CO2

Question 12

Sympatholytic drugs can cause what respiratory complication?

Answer 12

Respiratory Depression

Question 13

When should the Resuscitative Approach be used?

Answer 13

Whenever we suspect a life threatening problem.
Examples:
Cardiac or respiratory arrest
Respiratory distress or failure
Unstable dysrhythmias
Status epilepticus (series of generalized motor seizures without an intervening return of consciousness)
Coma or altered mental status
Shock or hypotension
Major trauma
Possible C-spine injury

Question 14

What is the Resuscitative Approach?

Answer 14

Take immediate resuscitative action (such as CPR and defibrillation and ventilation) or other critical action ( such as supplemental oxygen, control of major bleeding and the rapid secondary assessment and/ or en route to the hospital.)

Question 15

When should the Contemplative Approach be used?

Answer 15

When immediate intervention is not necessary.
I.E.
Stable chest pain
Mild allergic reaction

Question 16

When should be Immediate Evacuation approach be used?

Answer 16

Patient with severe internal bleeding, or if the scene is too chaotic, unsafe, or unstable to perform a good assessment.

Question 17

What is the most superior part of the upper airway?

Answer 17

The nasal cavity

Question 18

What bones comprise the nasal cavity?

Answer 18

Maxillary, frontal, nasal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones.

Question 19

Sinus

Answer 19

Air cavity that conducts fluids from the eustachian tubes and tear ducts to and from the nasopharynx.

Question 20

Nasal septum

Answer 20

Cartilage separates the right and left nasal

Question 21

Eustachian tube

Answer 21

A tube that connects the ear with the nasal cavity

Question 22

Nasolacrimal Duct

Answer 22

Narrow tube that carries into the nasal cavity tears and debris that have drained from the eye.

Question 23

Respiration

Answer 23

The exchange of gases between a living organism and its environment.

Question 24

What are the parts of the Nasal cavity?

Answer 24

Sinus, Nasal septum, Eustachian tube, and nasolacrimal duct

Question 25

What is the anatomical structure directly inferior to the nasal cavity?

Answer 25

Nasopharynx

Question 26

What anatomical structures make up the nasopharynx?

Answer 26

Tonsils/adenoids, and uvula

Question 27

What anatomical structure is directly inferior to the nasopharynx?

Answer 27

Oropharynx

Question 28

What anatomical structures make up the oropharynx?

Answer 28

The tongue

Question 29

What anatomical structure is directly inferior to the oropharynx?

Answer 29

The Laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)

Question 30

What structures make up the laryngopharynx?

Answer 30

The vallecula and the epiglottis

Question 31

What anatomical structure is directly inferior toe the laryngopharynx?

Answer 31

The larynx

Question 32

What anatomical structures make up the larynx?

Answer 32

Esophagus, trachea, glottic opening, vocal cords, thyroid cartilage, cricothyroid membrane, cricoid cartilage, and thyroid gland.

Question 33

Glottis

Answer 33

Liplike opening between the vocal cords

Question 34

What are all the major anatomical parts of the upper airway in order from superior to inferior?

Answer 34

Nasal cavity, Oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx.

Question 35

What are all the major anatomical parts of the lower airway in order from superior to inferior?

Answer 35

Trachea, bronchi, alveoli, lung parenchyma, pleura.

Question 36

What receptors in the bronchi relax smooth muscle?

Answer 36

Beta 2 receptors

Question 37

How many divisions are there in the bronchioles?

Answer 37

Approximately 22

Question 38

Atelactasis

Answer 38

Alveolar collapse

Question 39

Parenchyma

Answer 39

Principle or essential part of an organ- for the lungs thes are organized into two pulmonary lobules that separate one lung from the other.

Question 40

How many lobes do each lung have?

Answer 40

Right lung has three lobes while the left lung has only two.

Question 41

Pleura

Answer 41

Membranous connective tissue covering the lungs.

Question 42

What are the parts of the pleura?

Answer 42

Visceral and parietal.

Question 43

What visceral pleura do?

Answer 43

It envelops the lungs and doesn't contain nerve fibers. Inner most layer.

Question 44

What does the parietal pleura do?

Answer 44

Lines the thoracic cavity and does contain nerve fibers. Outer most layer.

Question 45

Pleurisy

Answer 45

Significant pain on respiration due to enflamed pleura.

Question 46

Respiration

Answer 46

The exchange of gases between a living organism and its environment.

Question 47

Ventilation

Answer 47

The mechanical process that moves air into and out of the lungs.

Question 48

Diffusion

Answer 48

The movement of gas from an area of high concentration to an are of lower concentration.

Question 49

PA stands for?

Answer 49

Alveolar partial pressure

Question 50

Pa stand for?

Answer 50

Arterial partial pressure

Question 51

Anemia

Answer 51

Decreased hemoglobin concentration.

Question 52

Partial pressure

Answer 52

the pressure exerted by each component of gas mixture

Question 53

FiO2

Answer 53

Concentration of oxygen in inspired air.

Question 54

Hypercarbia

Answer 54

Excessive pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood.

Question 55

Where is our main respiratory center located?

Answer 55

The medulla oblongata

Question 56

What are other respiratory drives?

Answer 56

First, the apneustic center, and then the pneumotaxic center. These are both located in the pons.

Question 57

Hypoxemia

Answer 57

Decreased oxygen level

Question 58

Hypoxic drive

Answer 58

Mechanism that increases respiratory stimulation when blood oxygen falls and inhibits respiratory stimulation when blood oxygen climbs.

Question 59

Tidal volume

Answer 59

Average volume of gas inhaled or exhaled in one respiratory cycle.

Question 60

Minute volume: Define and give formula

Answer 60

Amount of gas inhaled and exhaled in 1 minute | Minute volume = Tidal volume x respiratory rate

Question 61

Hering-Breuer Reflex

Answer 61

Reflex where body tells you to stop inhaling so you don't pop your lungs

Question 62

What three anatomical features must be in place to have good diffusion?

Answer 62

Respiratory membrane, interstitial space, and endothelial lining.

Question 63

What three conditions is lung perfusion dependent on?

Answer 63

Adequate blood volume Intact pulmonary capillaries Efficient pumping of blood by the heart

Question 64

What types of meds can be given to help with diffusion problems?

Answer 64

Diuretic agents or anti-inflammatory drugs (corticosteroids, antibiotics)

Question 65

What can be done to help with perfusion?

Answer 65

Take steps to maintain blood volume, and improve the pumping action of the heart.

Question 66

What is a common finding in patients with pulmonary embolism?

Answer 66

Rales