Cardiology Test Review Flashcards
What are the two major branches of the left coronary artery?
Left anterior descending and circumflex arteries
I am a HR of 60 with a PR interval that widens until I drop a QRS. What am I?
Winkebach
I have 3 p waves before ever yQRS and a PR interval of .14 with a WRS of .08. I am regular and rapid at 140 beats per minute. What am I?
A-flutter
Describe S1
Mitral and tricuspid valves closing
Describe S2
Aortic and semilunar valves closing
1 large box of height on the ECG paper is hoe many millivolts?
.5 Millivolts
Name the first line med for confirmed v-tach with a pulse?
Amiodarone 150 mg/10min
Normal QT interval is?
.33-.42 seconds
I have rapid irregular heart rate of 160-200 with chest pain, PB is 100/50. Treat me.
Cadizem .25 mg/kg or Metoprolol 5 mg
ACLS first line medication for symptomatic PT in wide complex tachycardia is?
Adenosine 6 mg
Cardiac monitor shows a sinus rhythm with an occasional early beat. Looking at the beat there is no P wave, and the QRS looks normal at .10. This is most likely?
PJC
Upward deflection in the ECG paper represents?
Positive impulse (electricity moving towards the positive lead)
Name the 4 chambers of the heart?
Left and right atrium and left and right ventricles
These specialized givers connect to the cardiac valves preventing prolapse and back flow in the heart?
Chordae Tendineae
This is the inner most layer of the heart
Endocardium
These 5 electrolytes are responsible for the cardiac function…
Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium, and Chloride
Sodium Chemical Name
Na+
Magnesium Chemical Name
Mg++
Chloride Chemical Name
Ch-
Calcium Chemical Name
Ca+
Potassium Chemical Name
K+
What is resting potential?
The normal electrical state of the cardiac cells where Potassium is resting inside the cell and Sodium is resting outside the cell.
What is the first med for Bradycardia?
Atropine
What receptors are located in the hear and are responsible for increased heart rate and contractility?
B1 Receptors
The parasympathetic nervous system (vagus nerve) innervates the heart through the?
Cardiac Plexus
What meds are commonly prescribed to PT’s who have A-fib?
Digoxin, Coumadin, Cardizem, Verapamil, Metoprolol, Amiodarone
What structures within the cardiac muscle fibers conduct electricity 400 times faster than the standard cell membrane.
Intercalated Disk
What is the sequence of events that occurs between the end of one heart contraction and the end of the next?
Cardiac Cycle
ECG shows a regular rhythm with a PRI of .25 and a QRS of .22 and a hr of 70. What rhythm is this?
Sinus Rhythm with first degree heart block
What is the inability of the heart to meet the metabolic need of the body, resulting in inadequate tissue perfusion?
Cardiogenic Shock
What are 6 things that can cause chest pain/ discomfort?
Angina, PE, Reflux, Pleuritic pain, Musculoskeletal Pain, Costal Congitis, Aortic Dissection
How do we care for ROSC patients?
12 Lead EKG, ice, Labs, and a doctor
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea is most commonly caused by?
Left Heart Failure
What pneumonic is used to help providers remember how to treat chest pain?
MONA
How does morphine have vasodilatory effects?
Because it releases histamine
Primary treatment of a PT with chest pain and dyspnea should be focused on cardiac. True or false?
False
Airway comes first!
What is Atherosclerosis?
A progressive, degenerative disease of the medium-sized and large arteries.
Pericarditis is what?
Irritation of the sac around the heart. This leads to many of the leads in a 12 lead EKG being effected.
In treatment of a stable PT in SVT, oxygen is administered and IV is started. What is the next treatment for this PT?
As them to do a Vagal Maneuver
PT in V-tach with a pulse, but unstable and has an altered LOC, chest pain, and severer hypotension. Your treatment should be?
Electro-cardioversion at 50-100j
What is vasculitis?
Inflammation of the blood vessels
PT has a rapid, irregular, narrow rhythm at a rate of 200-230. PT is unstable with altered LOC, hypotension, and Dyspnea. What should your treatment be?
Electro-cardioversion at 120-200j
Pt presents with chest pain, and shortness of breath. Pain is sharp and moves into his back. Pt is pale, hypotensive, right arm BP is 80/50 and left arm is 140-90. What should I suspect?
Aortic DIssection
What things will help me figure out why my PT is in PEA?
H’s and T’s
What are the signs and symptoms of Beck’s Triad?
Muffled Heart tones
Narrowing Pulse Pressure
JVD
