Endocrinology: Notes Flashcards
1
Q
Type I Diabetes Mellitus
A
Usually caused by no insulin production and has a very early onset.
2
Q
Type II Diabetes Mellitus
A
Caused by decreased production of insulin/ often that combined with poor responsiveness to insulin produced.
Obesity plays large role
3
Q
Graves’ Disease
A
Strongly Hereditary Six times more common in women than men Autoantibodies are generated that stimulate the thyroid gland to produce excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. Signs and Symptoms: Agitation Emotional Changeability Insomnia Poor heat tolerance Weight Loss despite increased appetite Weakness Dyspnea Tachycardia A-fib in older pts Treatment B-adrenergic blockers for cardiac stress if present Glucocorticoid therapy (dexamethasone) reducing the level of T4.
4
Q
Thyroid Storm
A
Signs and Symptoms: Fever of 106 F Irritability Delirium Com Tachycardia Hypotension Vomiting Diarrhea Less serious signs- slight fever and marked lethargy Treatment: O2 Fluid Resuscitation if needed Cardiac monitoring Glucocorticoid and B-adrenergic blockers
5
Q
Myxedema
A
Thickening of connective tissue in the skin and other tissues, including the heart. Long term exposure to inadequate levels of thyroid hormones. Signs and symptoms: Fatigue Slowed mental function Lethargy Cold Intolerance Constipation Decreased appetite with increased weight Puffy face Thinned hair Enlarged tongue Pale, cool skin Hypothermia Low amplitude bradycardia CO2 retention. Treatment: Focus on ABC's Cardiac and Pulmonary Monitoring Intubation is often necessary IV Access- but limit fluids
6
Q
Cushing’s Syndrome (Hyperadrenalism)
A
Disorder of Adrenal Glands- excess cortisol Hypertension Hypokalemia Weight Gain- Especially in trunk of body, face, and neck Fat accumulation on upper back Skin- thinning, almost transparent Facial Hair among women Mood swings Impaired memory or concentration
7
Q
Addison’s Disease
A
Form of shock associated with adrenocortical insufficiency and characterized by profound hypotension and electrolyte imbalances Sighs and Symptoms: Weakness Fatigue Decreased Appetite and weight loss Hyperpigmentation of skin and mucous membrane Treatment: Monitor cardiac and resp. function If hypoglycemic give D50W
