Infectious diseases: signs, symptoms, and treatments

Question 1

HIV

Answer 1

Signs and symptoms:

Fatigue, fever, sore throat, Rash, diarrhea

Question 2

Hepatitis

Answer 2

Inflammation of the liver characterized by diffuse or patchy tissue necrosis
Signs and symptoms:
Headache, fever, weakness, joint pain, Anorexia, nausea and vomiting, right upper quadrant abdominal pain
Sever:
Jaundice, Fever, dark indie urine, Clay colored stools

Question 3

Hepatitis A

Answer 3

Transmitted by fecal oral route, And sexual contact

Incubation period for 3 to 5 weeks

Question 4

Hepatitis B

Answer 4

Transmitted through Direct contact with body fluids
Incubation period eat to 24 weeks
Signs and symptoms:
Rash, joint pain

Question 5

Hepatitis C

Answer 5

Transmitted via IV drug abuse and sexual contact

Question 6

Hepatitis E

Answer 6

Associated with contaminated drinking water

Question 7

Tuberculosis

Answer 7

Disease caused by bacteria known as mycobacterium. Tuberculosis that primarily affects the respiratory system
Signs and symptoms:
Chills, fever, fatigue, productive or nonproductive chronic cough, weight loss
Primary transmission through droplets
Incubation period 4 to 12 weeks
Disease development 6 to 12 months

Question 8

Pneumonia

Answer 8

Acute lung inflammation
Signs and symptoms:
Acute onset of chills, high-grade fever, dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain worsening by deep inspiration, cough, crackles, wheezes
Children:
Fever, tachypnea, retractions
Treatment:
Oxygen
Assist ventilations if necessary

Question 9

Severe acute respiratory syndrome

Answer 9

Incubation period: 2-7 days
Signs and symptoms:
Sore throat, rhinorrhea, chills, Riggers, myalgias (muscle aches), headache, diarrhea.
Severe:
Cough, sputum production, respiratory distress, and respiratory failure
Treatment:
Position of comfort, high flow oxygen, ventilatory assistance and intubation if necessary, IV access and fluids if dehydrated, and bronchodilators if wheezes are present.

Question 10

Chickenpox (varicella)

Answer 10

Disease characterized by rational fluid filled vesicles that rupture, forming small holsters that eventually scab.
Transmission:
airborne droplets, And direct contact with weeping lesions and Tainted lemons.
Incubation:
10 to 21 days
Signs and symptoms:
Respiratory symptoms, malaise, and low-grade fever

Question 11

Meningitis

Answer 11

Transmission:
Respiratory droplets
Incubation period: 2 to 4 days up to 10
Signs and symptoms:
Fever, chills, headache, nuchal rigidity with flexion, arthralgia, lethargy, malaise, altered mental status, vomiting, and seizures.
Brudzinski’s and Kerning’s Signs are also indicators of meningitis

Question 12

Bruzdzinksi’s Sign

Answer 12

Physical exam findings in which flexion of the neck causes flexion of the hips and knees

Question 13

Kernig’s Sign

Answer 13

Inability to fully extend her knees with hips flexed

Question 14

Influenza

Answer 14

Signs and symptoms:

Sending onset of fever, chills, malaise, muscle aches, nasal discharge, and cough

Question 15

Measles

Answer 15

Transmission:
Inhalation of droplets, and direct contact
Incubation period:
7-14 days
Signs and symptoms:
Severe cold, fever, conjunctivitis, swelling of the eyelids, malaise, cough, and nasopharyngeal congestion

Question 16

Mumps

Answer 16

Transmission:
Respiratory droplets been direct contact with saliva
Incubation period:
12-25 days
Signs and symptoms:
Painful enlargement of salivary glands

Question 17

Rubella

Answer 17

Transmission:
Inhalation droplets of
Incubation period:
12 to 19 days
Signs and symptoms:
Sore throat, low-grade fever, find pink rash on face, trunk, and extremities. lasts 3 days.
Side note: devastating in fetal development

Question 18

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Answer 18

Maybe fatal in infants
Signs and symptoms:
Lower respiratory infection, runny nose common legal congestion, wheezing, tachypnea, And signs of respiratory distress.

Question 19

Pertussis

Answer 19

Incubation period:
6 to 20 days
Transmission:
Inhalation of respiratory droplets
Signs and symptoms:
Catarrhal Phase- symptoms similar to those of the common cold
Paroxysmal Phase- mild cough, quickly become severe and violent, deep high-pitched inspiration.
Treatment:
Oxygen, and anticipate need for intubation and possible chest decompression.

Question 20

Mononucleosis

Answer 20

Incubation:
4 to 6 weeks
Signs and symptoms:
Fatigue, fever, sore throat, oral discharges, Enlarged and tender lymph nodes.
Side note: the kissing disease

Question 21

Herpes simplex virus type one

Answer 21

Commonly in fact the oropharynx, face, lips, skin, fingers, toes.
Incubation period:
2 to 12 days
Signs and symptoms:
Fluid filled hope the development of cold sores
Fever blisters that deteriorate into small ulcers
Fever, malaise, dehydration

Question 22

Epiglottitis

Answer 22

The four D's:
Dysphonia
Drooling
Dysphasia
Distress

Question 23

Croup

Answer 23

Inspiratory and expiratory stridor
seal-bark cough
The Acute respiratory distress, tachypnea, And retractions.

Question 24

Pharyngitis

Answer 24

Signs and symptoms:

Sudden onset of sore throat, fever, headache, neck pain, nausea, vomiting..

Question 25

Sinusitis

Answer 25

Preceded by a viral upper respiratory infection
Treatment:
Replace heat pack directly over the affected sinus to help relieve pain and facilitate drainage.

Question 26

Hantavirus

Answer 26

Family of viruses that are carried by the deer, And mouse. Transmitted via tics and other arthropods.
Signs and symptoms:
Fatigue, fever, muscle aches, headaches, nausea, monitoring, diarrhea, Abdominal pain, you’re a, sore throat, And rash.
4 to 10 days later:
Pulmonary edema, Potential myocardial depression that’s Sinus bradycardia, Subsequent electromechanical disassociation, Ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation.
Treatment:
Intensive supportive care

Question 27

Gastroenteritis

Answer 27

Transmission:
Fecal oral route
Signs and symptoms:
Nausea, vomiting, Gastrointestinal cramping, Anorexia, and diarrhea
Treatment:
Start IV and pay attention to hydration status

Question 28

Encephalitis

Answer 28

Acute infection of The brain, usually caused by a virus.
Signs and symptoms:
Decreased level of consciousness, fever, headache, drowsiness, Coma, Tremors, and stiff neck and back.
Late signs:
Uncoordinated and involuntary movements, weakness of arms and legs, unusual sensitivity of skin to various types of stimulation

Question 29

Rabies

Answer 29

Viral disorder that affects the nervous system
Incubation:
3 to 8 weeks
Signs and symptoms:
Prodrome phase
Malaise, headache, fever, chills, sore throat, myalgias, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, And diarrhea.
Encephalitic Phase
Excessive motor activity, excitation, and agitation. This is fall by confusion, hallucinations, combativeness, muscle twitches, tetany, and seizures. Death within 2 to 6 days.