Infectious diseases: signs, symptoms, and treatments Flashcards
HIV
Signs and symptoms:
Fatigue, fever, sore throat, Rash, diarrhea
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver characterized by diffuse or patchy tissue necrosis
Signs and symptoms:
Headache, fever, weakness, joint pain, Anorexia, nausea and vomiting, right upper quadrant abdominal pain
Sever:
Jaundice, Fever, dark indie urine, Clay colored stools
Hepatitis A
Transmitted by fecal oral route, And sexual contact
Incubation period for 3 to 5 weeks
Hepatitis B
Transmitted through Direct contact with body fluids
Incubation period eat to 24 weeks
Signs and symptoms:
Rash, joint pain
Hepatitis C
Transmitted via IV drug abuse and sexual contact
Hepatitis E
Associated with contaminated drinking water
Tuberculosis
Disease caused by bacteria known as mycobacterium. Tuberculosis that primarily affects the respiratory system
Signs and symptoms:
Chills, fever, fatigue, productive or nonproductive chronic cough, weight loss
Primary transmission through droplets
Incubation period 4 to 12 weeks
Disease development 6 to 12 months
Pneumonia
Acute lung inflammation Signs and symptoms: Acute onset of chills, high-grade fever, dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain worsening by deep inspiration, cough, crackles, wheezes Children: Fever, tachypnea, retractions Treatment: Oxygen Assist ventilations if necessary
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Incubation period: 2-7 days
Signs and symptoms:
Sore throat, rhinorrhea, chills, Riggers, myalgias (muscle aches), headache, diarrhea.
Severe:
Cough, sputum production, respiratory distress, and respiratory failure
Treatment:
Position of comfort, high flow oxygen, ventilatory assistance and intubation if necessary, IV access and fluids if dehydrated, and bronchodilators if wheezes are present.
Chickenpox (varicella)
Disease characterized by rational fluid filled vesicles that rupture, forming small holsters that eventually scab.
Transmission:
airborne droplets, And direct contact with weeping lesions and Tainted lemons.
Incubation:
10 to 21 days
Signs and symptoms:
Respiratory symptoms, malaise, and low-grade fever
Meningitis
Transmission:
Respiratory droplets
Incubation period: 2 to 4 days up to 10
Signs and symptoms:
Fever, chills, headache, nuchal rigidity with flexion, arthralgia, lethargy, malaise, altered mental status, vomiting, and seizures.
Brudzinski’s and Kerning’s Signs are also indicators of meningitis
Bruzdzinksi’s Sign
Physical exam findings in which flexion of the neck causes flexion of the hips and knees
Kernig’s Sign
Inability to fully extend her knees with hips flexed
Influenza
Signs and symptoms:
Sending onset of fever, chills, malaise, muscle aches, nasal discharge, and cough
Measles
Transmission:
Inhalation of droplets, and direct contact
Incubation period:
7-14 days
Signs and symptoms:
Severe cold, fever, conjunctivitis, swelling of the eyelids, malaise, cough, and nasopharyngeal congestion
Mumps
Transmission: Respiratory droplets been direct contact with saliva Incubation period: 12-25 days Signs and symptoms: Painful enlargement of salivary glands
Rubella
Transmission:
Inhalation droplets of
Incubation period:
12 to 19 days
Signs and symptoms:
Sore throat, low-grade fever, find pink rash on face, trunk, and extremities. lasts 3 days.
Side note: devastating in fetal development
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
Maybe fatal in infants
Signs and symptoms:
Lower respiratory infection, runny nose common legal congestion, wheezing, tachypnea, And signs of respiratory distress.
Pertussis
Incubation period:
6 to 20 days
Transmission:
Inhalation of respiratory droplets
Signs and symptoms:
Catarrhal Phase- symptoms similar to those of the common cold
Paroxysmal Phase- mild cough, quickly become severe and violent, deep high-pitched inspiration.
Treatment:
Oxygen, and anticipate need for intubation and possible chest decompression.
Mononucleosis
Incubation: 4 to 6 weeks Signs and symptoms: Fatigue, fever, sore throat, oral discharges, Enlarged and tender lymph nodes. Side note: the kissing disease
Herpes simplex virus type one
Commonly in fact the oropharynx, face, lips, skin, fingers, toes.
Incubation period:
2 to 12 days
Signs and symptoms:
Fluid filled hope the development of cold sores
Fever blisters that deteriorate into small ulcers
Fever, malaise, dehydration
Epiglottitis
The four D's: Dysphonia Drooling Dysphasia Distress
Croup
Inspiratory and expiratory stridor
seal-bark cough
The Acute respiratory distress, tachypnea, And retractions.
Pharyngitis
Signs and symptoms:
Sudden onset of sore throat, fever, headache, neck pain, nausea, vomiting..
Sinusitis
Preceded by a viral upper respiratory infection
Treatment:
Replace heat pack directly over the affected sinus to help relieve pain and facilitate drainage.
Hantavirus
Family of viruses that are carried by the deer, And mouse. Transmitted via tics and other arthropods.
Signs and symptoms:
Fatigue, fever, muscle aches, headaches, nausea, monitoring, diarrhea, Abdominal pain, you’re a, sore throat, And rash.
4 to 10 days later:
Pulmonary edema, Potential myocardial depression that’s Sinus bradycardia, Subsequent electromechanical disassociation, Ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation.
Treatment:
Intensive supportive care
Gastroenteritis
Transmission:
Fecal oral route
Signs and symptoms:
Nausea, vomiting, Gastrointestinal cramping, Anorexia, and diarrhea
Treatment:
Start IV and pay attention to hydration status
Encephalitis
Acute infection of The brain, usually caused by a virus.
Signs and symptoms:
Decreased level of consciousness, fever, headache, drowsiness, Coma, Tremors, and stiff neck and back.
Late signs:
Uncoordinated and involuntary movements, weakness of arms and legs, unusual sensitivity of skin to various types of stimulation
Rabies
Viral disorder that affects the nervous system
Incubation:
3 to 8 weeks
Signs and symptoms:
Prodrome phase
Malaise, headache, fever, chills, sore throat, myalgias, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, And diarrhea.
Encephalitic Phase
Excessive motor activity, excitation, and agitation. This is fall by confusion, hallucinations, combativeness, muscle twitches, tetany, and seizures. Death within 2 to 6 days.
