Obstetrics: Notes Flashcards
Blastocyst
A hollow ball of cells- normally implants in the thickened uterine lining
This is what the ovum becomes after fertilization
Spermatozoan
Male sex cells
Ovum
Egg pre-fertilization
Progesterone
Hormone that prepares the uterine lining for implantation of the blastocyst
What does the placenta do?
Transfers heat, exchange is oxygen and carbon dioxide, Deliver nutrient such as glucose, Potassium, sodium, chloride. It also carries away wastes.
The placenta also secretes progesterone and estrogen which are vital to maintain the pregnancy.
Finally, the placenta serves as a protective barrier against harmful substances.
How much amniotic fluid is in the amniotic sack at 20 weeks gestation?
500 to 1000 mL
How much fluid can be held by the uterus at the end of pregnancy?
1000 g, Or 2 pounds
What is the total capacity of the uterus at the end of pregnancy?
5000 mL
What does progesterone due to the airway?
Causes decreasing resistance that results in a 20% increase in oxygen consumption and a 40% increase in title volume.
How much does maternal blood volume increase during pregnancy?
45%, this means that a mother can lose 30 to 35% of her blood without significant vital sign changes. Heart rate also increases 10 to 15 BPM.
What is the ductus anteriosus?
The duct that allows the pulmonary vein to insert into the aortic arch in infants.
What is the Foramen Ovale?
The hole that allows blood to pass from the right atrium to the left of atrium without passing through the ventricles.
Where does the umbilical vein connect?
Directly into the inferior Vena Cava through a specialists structure called the Ductus Venosus
What is a sonogram?
Reveals the age of the fetus.
What agents cannot be used to treat pregnant diabetic patients?
Oral hypoglycemic agents
Preeclampsia (hypertension in mothers) puts pregnant mothers at additional risk for what major physiological problems?
Stroke, seizure, and renal failure
When is a prolapsed cord?
Umbilical cord that comes out of the uterus ahead of the fetus
Placenta Previa
When the placenta is pulled away from the uterine wall.
What are the signs, symptoms, and treatment of Placenta Previa?
Signs and symptoms: Painless bright red bleeding, often after sexual intercourse or vaginal exam. Treatment: Treat for shock Oxygen IV Access Monitor Vitals Transport to appropriate hospital
Abruptio Placentae
Premature separation (abruption) of a normally implanted placenta from the uterine wall.
Prolapsed cord and treatment
When the umbilical cord precedes the fetal presenting part
Treatment:
Insert two fingers into the vagina and lift presenting part of fetus off the cord to stop compression of cord and cessation of circulation to child
Place mother in knee-chest position
Apply a dressing moistened with sterile saline to the exposed cord
Limp Presentation and treatment
When a limb comes out first from the mother's vagina Treatment: Don't touch it Please mother in need to chest position Provide high flow oxygen Transport immediately
Cephalopelvic Disproportion
When infants head it is too big to pass through the maternal pelvis easily
Precipitous Delivery and treatment
When birth occurs in less than three hours of labor Treatment: Be ready for rapid delivery Control the infants head Keep the infant warm
