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BMS 615 Cardiovascular > Test 3: Wk11: 2.3 Mechanisms of Ventilation - Dasgupta > Flashcards

Test 3: Wk11: 2.3 Mechanisms of Ventilation - Dasgupta Flashcards

2
Q

5 Obstructive diseases

A

emphysema

asthma

bronchitis

CF

COPD

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3
Q

5 Restrictive Diseases

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

sarcoidosis

silicosis

asbestosis

Wegener’s Granulomatosis

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3
Q

Restrictive diseases characterized by

A

low lung compliance or increased stiffness of the lung and increased recoil

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4
Q

Obstructive Dz characterized by

A

high airway resistance

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5
Q

Asthma

A

chronic inflammatory disorder of airways characterized by airflow obstruction

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6
Q

Bronchitis

A

inflammation of mucous membranes of bronchi

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7
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

causes thick, sticky mucus build up in the lungs and GI

caused by mutation on CFTR gene

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8
Q

COPD

A

coexisting emphysema and chronic bronchitis

narrowing of airways and shortness of breath

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9
Q

pulmonary fibrosis

A

chronic dz that causes swelling and scarring of alveoli and interstitial tissue

scar tissue replaces healthy tissue and causes inflammation

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10
Q

Sarcoidosis

A

dz in which abnormal collections of chronic inflammatory cells form as nodules in the lungs or lymph nodes.

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11
Q

silicosis/ asbestosis

A

pulmonary fibrosis due to long term exposure to silica and asbestos

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12
Q

Wegener’s Granulamatosis

A

presence of pulmonary nodules

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13
Q

coin lesions

A

Wegener’s Granulamatosis

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14
Q

normal FEV1

A

80% FVC

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15
Q

FEV1 is an estimate of

A

airway resistance because it depends largely on flow rate

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16
Q

FEV 75% to 25% is

A

the slope between 75% and 25% on the FEV graph

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17
Q

Low FEV 1 and FEF 25-75% are diagnostic of

A

obstructive pulmonary disease

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18
Q

FEV1 / FVC normalizes FEV1 to

A

body size

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19
Q

in obstructive disease FVC is

A

lower

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20
Q

in obstructive disease FEV1 is

A

lower

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21
Q

FEV1 / FVC in obstructive

A

decrease

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22
Q

FEV1 / FVC in restrictive

A

normal to increased

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23
Q

why is FEV1 higher in restrictive disease than obstructive

A

in restrictive a small volume of air is expired quickly because of low compliance

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24
Q

FEV1/FVC ratio is lower than 70%, then that suggests

A

obstructive lung

disease

25
FEV1/FVC ratio is higher than 70%, then that suggests
restrictive lung disease.
26
normal FEV1/FVC
80%
27
Flow volume loop obstructive disease shifts
to the left towards larger volumes as a result of high compliance
28
Flow volume loop restrictive disease shifts
right towards smaller volumes as result of decreased compliance
29
Obstructive disease expiratory rates are much smaller than normal from
collapse of airways
30
Peak Expiratory Flow Loop Obstructive Disease
shift left | expiration is prolonged because of high compliance and dynamic collapse
31
Peak Expiratory Flow loop Restrictive Disease
Shift right | Lungs are stiffer only small volume inhaled and expired quickly
32
Restrictive Disease flow volume curve
witches hat shape
33
Obstructive Disease flow volume loop
low and concave
34
Pneumothorax
air enters the pleural cavity leading to partial or total collapse of lung
35
Tension Pneumothorax
more and more air accumulates in pleural space with each breath
36
non-tension Pneumothorax
air in pleural space does not accumulate with each breath
37
why is tension Pneumothorax an emergency
accumulating air puts pressure on the organs of chest
38
Atelectasis
partial or total collapse of the lung
39
Complete Atelectasis collapse of lung with shift of mediastinum to
the side of the collapse
40
what direction does the mediastinum go in Pneumothorax
elevated pressure shifts mediastinum to opposite direction
41
SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX
Without any blunt force trauma | or medical procedure
42
NON-SPONTANEOUS | PNEUMOTHORAX
Arising due to blunt force | trauma or medical procedure
43
PRIMARY SPONTANEOUS | PNEUMOTHORAX
Without any existing lung | pathology
44
SECONDARY SPONTANEOUS | PNEUMOTHORAX
Arising due to lung disease | e.g. COPD
45
TRAUMATIC PNEUMOTHORAX
Blunt-force trauma, gun shot wound, knife wound, car accident
46
IATROGENIC PNEUMOTHORAX
Trauma due to a medical procedure e.g. pacemaker insertion
47
treatment of pneumothorax includes
needle aspiration or insertion of a one-way chest | tube to allow the air to escape. Occasionally, surgical measures are required
48
Methacholine test used for
detection of hyperreactive airways
49
when is Methacholine test started
when baseline spirogram is relatively normal
50
Methacholine test is sensitive for
asthma
51
Methacholine is a
bronchoconstrictor
52
how does Methacholine test work
5 stage test with increasing dose of Methacholine until FEV1 drops to 20% of original value
53
if FEV1 is less than 20% after 5 stages
the test is negative
54
a PC20FEV1 of less than 8mg/mL suggests
hyperactive airway - asthma
55
PC20FEV1 8-16
no asthma
56
do all pts testing positve for Methacholine test have asthma
no, Patients with COPD, who smoke or patients with allergic rhinitis will test positive in the methacholine test
57
asthma patients taking anti-inflammatory drugs | may test
negative
58
Patients whose asthma is triggered by specific agents like cold or allergens may also test
negative
59
what direction does the mediastinum shift in a pneumothorax
increased pressure shifts mediastinum in the opposite direction

BMS 615 Cardiovascular (49 decks)

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