Test 2: Wk8: 2 Integrated control of the cardiovascular-renal system - Puri Flashcards

1
Q

ECF Na concentration doesn’t change if

A

ADH work and water access is available

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2
Q

Na retention =

A

water retention

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3
Q

Na intake affects plasma Na

A

only briefly

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4
Q

Osmolarity and Na are rapidly restored to normal values if

A

the pt has free access to water

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5
Q

excess dietary Na will lead to

A

water gain

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6
Q

Na deficient diet will lead to

A

water excretion

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7
Q

at steady state Na intake =

A

Na excretion

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8
Q

— to — hrs for kidney to recognize change in Na

A

48-96hrs

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9
Q

Na balance influence (3 things)

A

ECF Vol

CO

BP

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10
Q

— signals adequacy of Na balance

A

Effective Circulating Volume

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11
Q

effective circulating volume cannot be identified anatomically. Rather, it is a — that reflects the extent of tissue perfusion in specific regions

A

functional blood volume

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12
Q

patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or liver
cirrhosis, total ECF volume is grossly expanded (e.g., edema or ascites). In
contrast, the effective circulating volume is low, resulting in —

A

Na+ retention

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13
Q

Low Circulation ➡ — ➡ — Repeat

A

Low circulation ➡ More Na ➡ More ECF ➡ repeat

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14
Q

Four systems act in concert to regulate Na+ balance

A
1.Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone
System
2.Sympathetic Nervous System
3.Arginine Vasopressin (ADH)
4.Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
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15
Q

ANP responds to

A

lack of Na

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16
Q

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

has two components

A
  1. Macula Densa in TAL

2. AA Juxtaglomerular cells that secrete renin

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17
Q

Renin Synthesis is a Balance of Four Systems

A
  1. NKCC2 in TAL
  2. SNS in AA on Beta1 Receptors
  3. Ca release from stretching of AA
  4. AT1-R on AA
18
Q

↑ Renin Synthesis NKCC2 (5)

A
  1. ↓Blood pressure→ ↓RBF→ ↓GFR→ ↓ Na filtration
  2. ↓Dietary Na→ ↓ECF volume→ ↓Renal flow
  3. ↓Cardiac output→ ↓RBF→ ↓GFR
  4. ↓RBF→ ↓GFR
  5. ↑Na resorption in the PCT
19
Q

↑ Renin Synthesis Beta1 Receptor (3)

A

1.↓Blood pressure→ ↑SNS activity
2.↓Dietary Na→ ↓ECF volume→
↓Blood pressure
3.↓Cardiac output→ ↓Blood pressure

20
Q

↑ Renin Synthesis Ca (1)

A

1.↓Blood pressure→ ↓Stretch of the

AA

21
Q

— is the rate limiting step in synthesis of ANG II

22
Q

5 things increase Renin secretion

A
⬇ Na
⬇ ECF
⬇ MAP
⬇ RPF
⬇ GFR
23
Q

Short Feedback loop

A

ANG II feedback inhibition on ANGII

24
Q

Long Loop Feedback

A

increased GFR and NaCl at MD prevent reabsorption of NaCl at MD

25
Renin is released from the A.A in response to a --- diet:
reduced Na
26
Reduced Na has reduced--- that reduces the stretch on the | ---
perfusion pressure; A.A
27
Reduced Na has reduced --- and the filtered load, which then translates to reduced Na reaching the --- as the proximal tubule stills absorbs a constant fraction of N %
GFR; macula densa; 66%
28
Reduced Na and ECF volume has also reduced --- thus increasing filtration fraction. This leads to increased Na reabsorption in the PT and less Na reaching the ---. This stimulates --- release.
renal perfusion, MD, renin
29
Reduced Na has reduced the MAP, which then activates the --- and the --- which then stimulates --- release
baroreflex; SNS; renin
30
Alters TPR (7)
1. Vasoconstriction 2. Increased SNS Activity 3. Reduced NE reuptake 4. Increased peripheral responsiveness 5. Increased CNS discharge 6. Epinephrine from AM 7. Releases AVP (ADH)
31
Alters CV structure (3)
1.Increased proto-oncogenes 2.Increased growth factors and inflammatory cytokines 3.Increased collagen production
32
Alters Renal Fn. (5)
1.Increased NHE in PT 2.Aldosterone release 3.Altered renal hemodynamics 4. Preferential EA constriction = ↑ FF 5 .ADH-mediated water reabsorption
33
RAAS Regulates Na+ in ---, --- & ---
Proximal Tubule, TAL, Cortical Ducts
34
3 Effects of ANGII on kidney
increase resistance of EA and AA increase NHE and NKCC2 increase Aldosterone
35
Atrial natriuretic peptide is synthesized in the cardiac myocyte (L. Atria) in response to an ---.
increase in blood volume
36
Kidneys make dopamine in response to ---
volume expansion
37
--- is the true long term | regulator of arterial pressure
ECF
38
two pathways are directly affected by change in blood pressure
1 Renin angiotensin system | 2 Pressure-natriuresis mechanism
39
Increased MAP leads to ↑ --- in the peritubular capillaries | and ↓ ---
Hydrostatic pressure, solute and water reabsorption
40
to maintain the MAP and to accommodate diet, the P-N is modulated by
by the AngII and ANP