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BMS 615 Cardiovascular > Test 1: Wk1: 2 Lipoproteins - Valentovic > Flashcards

Test 1: Wk1: 2 Lipoproteins - Valentovic Flashcards

1
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

high levels of cholesterol and or triglycerides

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2
Q

Dyslipidemia

A

abnormal levels of cholesterol and or triglycerides (usually too high) and HDL levels are too low

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3
Q

Elevated Cholesterol associated with

A

increased atherosclerotic CVD

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4
Q

Elevated triglycerides associated with

A

pancreatitis

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5
Q

how are cholesterol and triglycerides transported

A

they are hydrophobic so must be transported by lipoproteins

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6
Q

lipoproteins

A

Lipoproteins have a hydrophilic outside layer with proteins,
phospholipids and unesterified cholesterol surrounding the
hydrophobic/lipophilic core of triglycerides and cholesterol esters

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7
Q

Lipoproteins transport

A

Lipoproteins transport fat soluble vitamins, cholesterol and

triglycerides in plasma, lymph as well as liver and peripheral tissues

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8
Q

3 Functions of Lipoproteins

A
  1. Involved in absorption and transport of dietary lipids from small
    intestine
  2. Transport lipids from the liver to peripheral tissues
  3. Transport lipids from peripheral tissue to liver and small intestine
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9
Q

5 Major lipoproteins

A

Chylomicrons

VLDL very low density lipoprotein

IDL intermediate density

LDL low density

HDL high density

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10
Q

Triglyceride mostly carried by — and —

A

Triglyceride mostly carried by chylomicrons and VLDL

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11
Q

Cholesterol mostly carried in — and —- as cholesterol

—

A

Cholesterol mostly carried in LDL and HDL as cholesterol

esters

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12
Q

Chylomicron Major Lipids

A

Triglycerides,

Retinyl esters

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13
Q

Chylomicron Apoprotein

A

Apo B-48, Apo E, Apo CII
and C III, Apo AI and AII

ApoB-48 only in chylomicron

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14
Q

VLDL Major Lipids

A

Triglycerides,

vit E

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15
Q

VLDL Apoproteins

A

Apo B100, Apo E, Apo

CII and Apo CIII

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16
Q

IDL Major Lipids

A

Triglycerides

Vit E

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17
Q

IDL Apoproteins

A

ApoB-100
Apo-E
Apo-CII
Apo-CIII

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18
Q

LDL Major Lipids

A

Cholesterol

Vit E

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19
Q

LDL Apoprotein

A

Apo B-100

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20
Q

HDL Major Lipids

A

Cholesterol

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21
Q

HDL Apoprotein

A 
Apo B-100
Apo-E 
Apo CII 
Apo CIII
Apo-Al
Apo AII
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22
Q

Chylomicron formation

A

Dietary Cholesterol, retinol are esterified, long chain (12 carbon) fatty
acids are incorporated into triglycerides and packaged with Apo B 48,
phospholipids to form chylomicrons

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23
Q

Chylomicrons secreted into — — and enter — —

A

Chylomicrons secreted into intestinal lymph and enter systemic
circulation

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24
Q

— — on — — of capillaries cleave off FFAs into circulation

A

Lipoprotein Lipase on endothelial cells of capillaries cleave off FFAs into circulation

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25
Apolipoproteins transferred to ---
Apolipoproteins transferred to HDL
26
Chylomicron must have --- to interact with hepatic LDL receptor
Chylomicron must have Apo E to interact with hepatic LDL receptor
27
--- are generated in the liver and are triglyceride rich
VLDL are generated in the liver and are triglyceride rich
28
Function of VLDL
esterification of LCFAs
29
VLDL contain what 4 lipoproteins
Apo B-100 Apo-E Apo-CII Apo-CIII
30
VLDL composition | Triglycerides -, Cholesterol -, -Proteins, - Other Fats
Triglycerides 70%, Cholesterol 10%, 10% Proteins, 10% Other Fats
31
VLDL Metabolism
Lipoprotein lipase on endothelial cells of capillaries (adipose tissue, heart skeletal muscle) cleave off free fatty acids into the circulation form remnants
32
IDL are
equal amounts cholesterol and triglycerides
33
IDL are endocytosed by
the liver
34
IDL - hepatic lipases hydrolyze TG and apoB-100 transferred to ---
IDL - hepatic lipases hydrolyze TG and apoB-100 transferred to HDL
35
IDL forms
LDL
36
the majority of cholesterol in the blood stream is
LDL
37
LDL apoproteins
B100 and ApoE
38
LDL has a positive correlation with
atherosclerotic CVD
39
LDL composition Cholesterol ---, Triglycerides ---, Proteins ---, Other fats ---
Cholesterol 26%, Triglycerides 10%, Proteins 25%, Other | fats 10%
40
Chylomicrons are generated from
dietary lipids
41
VLDL is synthesized in
liver
42
--- cleaves FFA from chylomicrons and ---
LPL cleaves FFA from chylomicrons and VLDL
43
VLDL cleaved by --- to --- | and ---
VLDL cleaved by LPL to IDL | and LDL
44
LDL receptors recognize
LDL receptors recognize | Apo B 100 and Apo E
45
HDL is generated
in the SI and liver
46
HDL composition --- Apoprotein, --- phospholipid and --- lipids
50% Apoprotein, 30% phospholipid and 20% lipids
47
--- has a negative risk for CVD
HDL has a negative risk for CVD
48
``` Cholesterol not metabolized in ---, must be transported to the --- for excretion in --- ```
``` Cholesterol not metabolized in peripheral tissue, must be transported to the liver for excretion in bile ```
49
``` --- and other cells provide free cholesterol that is esterified by LCAT Form mature ```
``` Macrophages and other cells provide free cholesterol that is esterified by LCAT form mature HDL ```
50
LCAT
•(lecithin cholesterol | acyltransferase)
51
Reverse Cholesterol Transport higher lipids in predominantly
peripheral tissue | HDL
52
--- taken up by liver via SR BI
HDL taken up by liver via SR BI
53
HDL Cholesterol ester can be transferred by --- to VLDL and chylomicrons
HDL Cholesterol ester can be transferred by cholesteryl | ester transfer protein (CETP) to VLDL and chylomicrons
54
Dyslipidemias
Excess levels of cholesterol and triglycerides due to | multiple causes
55
Primary Dyslipidemias
dietary and genetic
56
Secondary Dyslipidemias
Disease and Drugs
57
High --- decreases risk of cardiovascular disease
High HDL decreases risk of cardiovascular disease
58
--- positive correlation with Coronary Heart Disease
LDL C positive correlation with Coronary Heart Disease
59
first line of therapy to reduce plasma cholesterol and triglycerides
diet
60
High cholesterol therapy
Decrease total daily fat intake Decrease Saturated fat and cholesterol
61
High triglycerides therapy
May be due to high carbohydrate intake Reduce carbohydrates and alcohol
62
Increase exercise will help reduce cholesterol and triglycerides by increasing ---
Increase exercise will help reduce cholesterol and triglycerides by increasing HDL
63
Familial hyperchylomicronemia Fredrickson Type
I
64
Familial hyperchylomicronemia
Fasting plasma turbid, creamy top layer due to | chylomicrons
65
Familial hyperchylomicronemia deficiencies
LPL or Apo C II deficiency
66
Familial hyperchylomicronemia TG
TG >1000 mg/dl
67
Familial hyperchylomicronemia Tx
dietary fat restriction
68
Lipoprotein lipase, GPIHBP1 and Apo | CII deficiency elevated
chylomicrons and VLDL
69
Lipoprotein lipase needed to hydrolyze --- to ---
Lipoprotein lipase needed to hydrolyze TG to Free fatty | acids
70
GPIHBP1 transports ---- to the apical surface | of the endothelial cells
GPIHBP1 transports lipoprotein lipase to the apical surface | of the endothelial cells
71
Apo CII activates lipoprotein lipase on ---
Apo CII activates lipoprotein lipase on capillaries
72
Familial | dysbetalipoproteinemia (Apo E2) Fredrickson Type
III
73
Familial | dysbetalipoproteinemia (Apo E2) high --- and ---
cholesterol and TG
74
Familial | dysbetalipoproteinemia (Apo E2) inability to clear
VLDL and LDL
75
Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (Apo E2) Abnormal apo E called Apo E2 does not bind as efficiently to --- receptor
LDL
76
``` Familial hypercholesterolemia (LDL receptor) Fredrickson Type ```
II
77
Familial hypercholesterolemia (LDL receptor) LOF mutation for
LDL receptor resulting in diminished LDL activity
78
Familial hypercholesterolemia (LDL receptor) Excess --- and ---
Excess LDL, cholesterol
79
Familial hypercholesterolemia (LDL receptor) high risk for
CHD
80
Familial hypercholesterolemia (LDL receptor) other sx
corneal arcus and tendon xanthomas
81
Familial hypercholesterolemia (LDL receptor) autosomal ---
dominant
82
Familial Hypercholesterolemia incidernce
1/250
83
Familial Hypercholesterolemia high
cholesterol
84
Familial Hypercholesterolemia variants in ---, ---, ---
LDL receptor ApoB100 PCSK9
85
Familial Hypercholesterolemia defective ApoB 100 results in
defects in receptor binding domain needed to interact with LDL receptor
86
Autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia
Autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia type 3 PCSK9 | Gain of function mutation in PCSK9
87
PCSK9 synthesized in ER of ---, - --, --- and other - --
PCSK9 synthesized in ER of liver, kidney, small intestine and other tissues
88
PCSK9 in blood binds to -- receptor and is endocytosed with ---
PCSK9 in blood binds to LDL receptor and is endocytosed with LDL
89
PCSK9 present LDL receptor not ---, less efficient clearance of ---
PCSK9 present LDL receptor not recycled, less efficient clearance of LDL C
90
Familial combined | hyperlipidema type of disorder
polygenic
91
Familial combined | hyperlipidema high ---, and ---; high ---, and ---
VLDL and LDL | TGs and Cholesterol
92
Familial combined hyperlipidema high levels of --- relative to plasma ---
high levels of apo B-100 relative to plasma LDL-C
93
Familial combined | hyperlipidema small dense particles of
LDL
94
4 results of Excessive VLDL secretion
High VLDL, high TG Low HDL Elevated Apo B 100 LDL C may be increased
95
5 Secondary Causes of Excess VLDL
Alcohol abuse High Carbohydrate diet Insulin resistance Obesity Renal impairment
96
LIPIDS ELEVATED SECONDARY TO | DISEASE Cholesterol
``` Biliary disease Renal disease Hypothyroidism Diabetes mellitus Cushing’s syndrome ```
97
LIPIDS ELEVATED SECONDARY TO | DISEASE Triglycerides
``` Alcoholism Renal disease Diabetes mellitus Obesity Cushing’s syndrome (high VLDL ```
98
exogenous pathway
transports dietary lipids to the periphery and the liver
99
endogenous pathway
transports hepatic lipids to the periphery

BMS 615 Cardiovascular (49 decks)

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