Test 2- Yersinia Flashcards

1
Q

Yersinia pestis

A
  • Humans (cats)
  • Bubonic plague; local lymphadenitis
  • Pneumonic plague: pneumonia
  • Septicaemic plague: septicaemiae
  • ‘Black Death’
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2
Q

Yersinia pestis Epidemiology

A
  • Fleas of wild rodents (epidemiology elucidated in London) Killed 25% of the London population
  • John Graunt (1620–1674): one of the first epidemiologists, demographer and statistician through the study of the great plague in London

Because of its high pathogenicity: weaponized

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3
Q

Yersinia pestis Virulence factors

A
  • Capsule
  • Toxins (many different)
  • Iron acquisition
  • Many virulence genes are located on plasmids
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4
Q

Yersinia pestis Epidemiology

A
  • Endemic areas
  • Western North America, southern Asia, Southern and west Africa, north- central South America
  • Mainly in warm months: temperatures above 27C, Y. pestis does not produce a coagulase that blocks the fleas proventriculus (where Y. pestis XXX)

• Parallels presence of rodent hosts (enzootic and epizootic)

• Historically from ships

• Today mainly from rural wild animals (Sylvatic plague)

• Reservoir

——— Tolerant rodents

• Transmission

——— Fleas

——— ————– Multiplication in proventriculus

——— Airborne

——— oral

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5
Q

Yersinia pestis Infections in cats (including wild cats)

A
  • After ingestion of infected pray
  • Symptoms
  • Fever, depression, sneezing, coughing, CNS disturbances • Lymphadenitis, tonsillitis, cranial and cervical edema, pneumonia
  • Mortality
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6
Q

Yersinia pestis Dx and tx

A
  • Diagnosis
  • Culture
  • PCR
  • Serology

• Treatment

  • Antibiotics
  • Rarely acquired resistances
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7
Q

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

A
  • Closely related to Y. pestis
  • Obligate symbiotic
  • Pathogenic significance: • Rodents • Birds • Zoonotic • Facultative intracellular
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8
Q

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Virulence factors

A
  • Cell wall: endotoxin
  • Adhesins; Adhesion on basolateral ileal epithelial cells and M cells
  • Toxins (on plasmids)
  • Iron Uptake (on Pathogenicity Islands)
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9
Q

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Pathogenesis

A

• Humans

  • Oral uptake
  • Lymphoid tissue intestine
  • Mesenterial lymph nodes
  • Colic

• Birds & rodents

  • Oral uptake
  • Lymphoid tissue intestine
  • Mesenterial lymph nodes
  • Sepsis and XXX in blood
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10
Q

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Major pathogen in Passeriformes

A
  • “fat liver disease”, “rodentiosis”
  • Mainly in animals housed in outdoor birdhouses
  • Transmission from wild birds and rodents
  • Symptoms:
  • Apathy
  • Water and feed intake decrease
  • Event. diarrhea
  • Chronic: weight loss and respiratory distress
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11
Q

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Major pathogen in Passeriformes, symptoms

A

• Lesions acute

  • Typically very large spleen with foci of necrosis
  • Enlarged liver

• Lesions subacute and chronic

  • Very large spleen with foci of necrosis
  • Very large liver with foci of necrosis
  • Foci of necrosis on caeca and lungs
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12
Q

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Major pathogen in Passeriformes Dx, DD, Tx

A

• Diagnosis

• Culture

• DD

  • Salmonella
  • Mycobacteria

• Treatment

  • Antimicrobials
  • Chronic cases: very difficult

——— Better to cull (lowering contamination of environment)

• Hygiene

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13
Q

Other animal species

A
  • Rare
  • Occasionally in turkeys:
  • High mortality in young animals
  • Acute sepsis with enteritis
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14
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica

A
  • Domestic animals
  • Ileitis
  • Gastro-enteris
  • Zoonosis (rather mild symptoms)
  • Colic
  • diarrhea

• Several serogroups and biotypes

  • Colonizes terminal ileum
  • Serotype O9: Cross reaction with Brucellosis serology
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15
Q

Yersinia ruckeri

A
  • Enteric red-mouth disease
  • Systemic bacterial Illness of salmonids
  • Intensively cultured rainbow trout in warm waters
  • Hemorrhagic inflammation of organs perioral subcutis
  • Significant mortalities
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