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FINAL SKIN REVIEW Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following conditions you will investigate in a dog presented with this picture?

A

Staphylococcal pyoderma

food allergy

immune mediated skin conditions

parasitic infections

neoplasm

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2
Q

Dermatitis in bacteriology is often called

A

pyoderma

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3
Q

Panniculitis

A

subcutaneous tissue

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4
Q

Cellulitis

A

dermis and Subcutaneous fat

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5
Q

Most pyoderma/skin infection are due to

A

Coagulase positive staph

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6
Q

Are skin infections usually the primary issue?

A

No! Usually problems with the skin are secondary!

Therefore…….

Always investigate underlying causes such as allergy, ectoparasites, Immunosuppressive conditions”

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7
Q

What is the most common gram negative organism that can be involved with a pyoderma skin lesion?

A

Pseudomonas

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8
Q

A common bacterial isolate from canine pyoderma is

A

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

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9
Q

Fungal differentials

A
  • Actinomycosis- gram positive
  • Nocardiosis- gram positive
  • Mycobacteriosis- gram positive
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10
Q

What is the diagnostic workup for skin conditions?

A
  • Skin scrapings to rule-out parasites such as Demodex
  • Fungal culture to rule-out deep fungal infection
  • Skin cytology by performing an impression smear of pustules, papules, crusts or draining tract fluid:
  • Bacterial culture / susceptibility testing using fresh purulent discharge or a tissue
  • Skin biopsy for dermatohistopathology
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11
Q

What is the treatment?

A

Systemic antibiotics based on culture and susceptibility (up to 8 weeks or longer in refractory cases)

Fluoroquinolones(broad spectrum): (tissue penetration, Activity against Gram positives and negatives, uptake by macrophages increases penetration and concentration)

Clindamycin (consider inducible clindamycin resistance- macrolide restisttant ) Antibacterial topical therapy (Chlorhexidine)

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12
Q
A

Inducible clindamycin resistance

All staphylococcus isolates which are macrolide(erythromycin) resistant should be considered Clindamycin resistant unless otherwise confirmed by a D-test

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13
Q

How should you submit a superficial lesion?

A

Superficial lesions- A culturette swab in transport media

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14
Q

What should you submit for an abscess

A

Abscess –Fine needle aspirates or contents in anaerobic

transport media

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15
Q

What should you submit for a granulomatous lesion?

A

Granulomatous lesions- Sample for Biopsy and a fresh piece of tissue for culture

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16
Q

What is recommended for a non-resolving lesion?

A

For any non-resolving lesions a biopsy is always recommended

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17
Q

Can you submit a dry swab for culture?

A

Do not submit dry swabs for cultures

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18
Q

Anaerobic infections

A

Foul smelling discharge, necrotic gangrenous tissue and abscess formation, free gas in tissue, black discoloration of exudates,Sulphur granules in discharge

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19
Q

What do you have to do to take an aerobic culture?

A

Disinfect skin surface with 70% alcohol, allow to dry

Aspirate specimen directly into the syringe.

Remove air from syringe.

Aseptically transfer material into an anaerobic transport media

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20
Q

Greasy pig disease is caused by

A

Staphylococcus hyicus

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21
Q

Hemophilius parasuis causes

A

gram negative

causes blue ears in pigs

GLASSER”S DISEASE

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22
Q

Bumble Foot in birds

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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23
Q

Botryomycosis-

A

Botryomycosis- Rodents, Human, Horses Chronic pyogranulomatous inflammation

Most common isolate : S. aureus

deep in the tissue

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24
Q

Wound infections, draining tracts, Abscess

What are your top bacterias that you are considering?

A

Gram Positive anaerobes

Clostridium

Nocardia

Actinomyces

Gram Negative Anaerobes

Fusobacterium

Bacteroides

Dichelobacter

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25
Q
A

Mycobacteria- negatively stained with Gimesa Stain

Negative (“Not Gram Negative”) stained rods

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26
Q

Dogs and cats presented with Non healing cutaneous lesions and subcutaneous nodules

A

Dogs and cats presented with Non healing cutaneous lesions and subcutaneous nodules “Mycobacterium”

27
Q
A

Dermatophilus congolensis

28
Q
A

Dermatophilus congolensis

29
Q
A

Trichophyton verrucosum

30
Q
A

Trichophyton verrucosum

31
Q
A

IN cats:

• Mycobacterial infections(Feline Leprosy)

  • Yersinia pestis (lymph node abscess)- Plague
  • Cat bite abscess- Pasteurella sp
32
Q
A

Actinomyces bovis- lumpy Jaw, pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis

33
Q
A

Foot rot- Fusobacterium Necrophorum in cattle, sheep, goat

34
Q
A

Mycotoxins (Sporidesmin; Pithomyces chartarum)-Facial eczema due to photosensitization)

fungal toxins that can cause skin lesions due to photosenitization

35
Q

Mycotic infections of the skin

A

• Dermatophytosis

  • Trychophyton
  • Microsporum
  • Epidermophyton
36
Q

Mycotic infections of the skin in Dogs

A

• Dogs: M.canis, M. gypsium, T. mentagrophytes

37
Q

Mycotic infections of the skin in Cats

A

• Cats: M. canis

38
Q

Mycotic infections of the skin in Equine:

A

Equine: T. mentagrophytes, T equinum

39
Q

Mycotic infections of the skin in Cattle:

A

Cattle: T. verrucosum

40
Q

Mycotic infections of the skin in Pigs:

A

Pigs: M. nanum

41
Q

You can use a Wood’s lamp for?

A

Microsporum canis

42
Q

Which medium do you use to test for Dermatophytes?

A

Dermatophyte test medium- will change the color; but you should not worry about the color change

always also follow up with a Lactophenol cotton blue staining

43
Q
A

Persian cat: Pseudomycetoma

Microsporum canis

In cats, Micropsorum canis can go deeper causing these types of lesions.

44
Q

Which species shows no lesions of Microsporum canis?

A

Cats

Sometimes, owners will come in and say that they have these lesions, but their cats don’t have any. What will you do? Test the cat! You take a toothbrush and comb the cat and then you send it to the lab.

45
Q

Where do you collect samples from in a ring worm infection?

A

MARGINS because is it clearned in the middle

46
Q

Griseofulvin

A

Act only against dermatophytes, Need oral administration and the drug reaches the superficial dead epithelium

  • high concentration in the stratum corneum
47
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Lungs, CNS, Eyes, Skin)

very common in cats

48
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis

A

Lungs-primary, Skin lesions in disseminated disease

49
Q

Sporothrix schenckii

A

cutaneous/lymphatics

50
Q
A

Blastomyces dermatitidis- Broad based budding yeast

51
Q
A

Cryptococcus neoformans: Capsule

52
Q
A

Histoplasma capsulatum:Intracellular small yeasts

53
Q
A

Coccidioides immitis- spherule with endosporulation HUGE

54
Q
A

Pythiosis and Lagenidiosis

55
Q

Pythiosis and Lagenidiosis

A

Horses, dogs and humans

Cutaneous, vascular, ocular, gastrointestinal and a systemic form

Prognosis for most cases is poor

Radical surgery, antifungal drugs, immunotherapy or a combination of these therapies.

After resection, medical therapy using Itraconazole or Terbinafine 10 – 20 percent of dogs respond.
Avoiding stagnant waters

56
Q
A

Cutaneous Lagenidiosis

57
Q
A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

58
Q

Pathognomonic skin lesions observed in swine erysipelas is a local suppurative dermatitis.

True or False

A

FALSE- those skin lesions are a septicemia that causes vascultis and this those skin lesions.

59
Q

Strangles, Lymphadenitis

A

Streptococcus equi subsp equi;

lymphatanitis lesions

60
Q

Ulcerative lymphangitis (Pigeon

fever)

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis- you will see lymphacutaenous lesions in the legs and brisket region

HORSES

61
Q

Glanders

A

Burkholderia mallei- horses;

pneunomia, farcy, abscess in the skin

62
Q

Melioidosis

A

Burkholderia pseduomallei

abscesses in horses

63
Q
A

Pythium insidiosum

oomycosis

Kunkers( coral like necrotic debris)- what comes out of the lesions

Leeches, Bursatti, SWAMP CANCER

64
Q

What is the best treatment for a mature staphyloccocal abscess?

Bact (34 decks)

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