Test 2- Vibrio Flashcards

1
Q

The genus Vibrio

A

• Vibrio cholera • Human disease • Important in developing countries • Clonal spread • Oro-fecal route • Isolated from animals • Dogs, bovines horses, sheep, birds • Sometimes associated with enteritis • Differfromthehumanstrains

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2
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

A

• Vibrio parahaemolyticus • In seawater and brackish water • Food infections in humans (raw fish, shellfish)

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3
Q

Vibrio anguillarum (Listonella anguillarum)

A

• Vibrio anguillarum (Listonella anguillarum) • “salt water furunculosis” • Septicaemiae in fish (all) • High mortality • Treatment: antibiotics • Prevention: vaccination • Not 100% effective 

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4
Q

Bartonella

A

General • Gram negative • Aerobic • Culture: 1-5 wks! • Different species, most important is: Bartonella henselae • Zoonotic

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5
Q

Bartonella henselae Infections in cats

A

• Infections in cats (dogs), vague symptoms duration 1-7 days • Swelling lymph nodes • Lethargic • Anorexia • Mildneurologicsymptoms • (endocarditis) • Retrovirus infection: worse course of the disease • Mainly in animals

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6
Q

Bartonella henselae Pathogenesis in cats

A

• Pathogenesis • Transmission: fleas (ticks) • Subclinical infection and vague symptoms (freq. undiagnosed) • Bacteremia: • inredbloodcellsformonths/years • Intermitted present • Intracellularinredbloodcells • Immunity • After infection immunity to reinfection with homologous strain

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7
Q

Bartonella henselae dx and prevalenance

A

• Diagnosis • Culture: difficult • ELISA • PCR • Prevalences • 4-80% of cats positive (serology) • 15-55% of cats positive (bacteremia)

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8
Q

Bartonella henselae in humans

A

• In humans: cat scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis, bacillary peliosis, relapsing bacteremia • Mainly seen in persons with reduced immunity, in poor condition • Mainly in younger persons • Most of the times no real problem; self limiting lymphadenopathy

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9
Q
A

• When reduced immunity

  • Bacillary angiomatosis
  • Reddish-purple nodules

• Bacillary peliosis

  • Largewithbloodfilledcysts • Onliverandspleen
  • +generalsymptoms
  • Relapsing bacteremia
  • General symptoms that evaluate to worse in time
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10
Q

Bartonella henselae in humans

• Entrance by

A

• Wounds (scratch)

  • Fleas
  • Eye mucosae
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11
Q

Bartonella henselae in humans

• Prevention

A

• Prevention • Fleas

  • Disinfection of cat scratches/cat bites
  • Immunodeficient persons and sick children should not be in contact with cats
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12
Q

Streptobacillus moniliformis

A
  • Division of the Fusobacteria
  • Normal microbiota of mouth and throat of rats • Rat bite fever in humans (see further)
  • Cervical lymphadenitis in Guinea pigs
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13
Q

Spirillum minus

A
  • Cannot be cultured on artificial media • Needs animal inoculation
  • IP in guinea pig or mouse
  • Found in rats • Blood
  • Conjunctiva • Mouth
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14
Q

Spirillum minus

dx in rats and pathogenesis

A
  • Disease in rats
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Bronchopneumonia • Septicaemiae

• Pathogenesis?

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15
Q

Spirillum minus

cats, pigs, humans

A

• Infections in cats and pigs • Eating of infected animals

  • Infections in humans
  • Bites or scratch of infected rat: rat bite fever
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16
Q

Rat bite fever in humans

A
  • Spirillum minus and Streptobacillus moniliformis
  • Infected by
  • Contact: bite, wound, mucosae
  • Contaminated food & drinking water • Haverhillfever(outbreakin1926)
17
Q

• Symptoms for Spirillum minus

A
  • Onset: 2 wks-4 months (most 2-4wks) after contact • Reappearance of the wound/ulcerations possible
  • Fever (undulating)
  • General symptoms
  • Arthritis
  • Tissue localizations
18
Q

Symptoms for Streptobacillus moniliformis

A
  • Onset: 5 days after contact (3d-3wks) • Fever
  • Headache
  • Vomiting
  • Rashes: freq. hand & feet. Generalized possible • Polyarthritis
  • Other complications are rare (but very serious)
19
Q
A