Test 2- Haemophilus Flashcards

1
Q

Haemophilus General

A
  • NAD dependent (staphylococcus necessary for culture)
  • Obligate symbiotic
  • Little resistant in environment
  • Host specific
  • Facultative pathogenic

———-Commensals of mucosae: respiratory system and genital tract

  • Differences in virulence (serotype dependent)
  • Rare, but worldwide
  • Age: 2wks-4mths (mainly at weaning)
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2
Q

Haemophilus Virulence factors

A
  • Endotoxins (LPS)
  • Fimbriae (role?)
  • Neuramidase (?)
  • Transferrin binding proteins
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3
Q

Haemophilus parasuis (Glässer disease) Pathogenesis

A
  • Endogenic-exogenic infection
  • Septicaemiae General symptoms, acute mortality
  • Meningitis CNS symptoms
  • Polyserositis, polyarthritis Peritonitis, pericarditis Pleuritis

pic- swollen joints- typical

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4
Q

Haemophilus parasuis (Glässer disease) Treatment and prevention

A

Treatment

• Antimicrobials

——————-At onset of outbreak: all piglets of litter IM injection

Prevention

• Vaccination (not always successful, sometimes farm specific bacterin/auto- vaccin)

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5
Q

Haemophilus felis

A

In cats

———– Pneumonia, chronic

———–conjunctivitis

  • Also present in health cats
  • Rare
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6
Q

Histophilus somnei General

A
  • Formerly Haemophilus somnus- sleepy
  • 2 days incubation with 5-10% CO2 (thus frequently overgrowth)

———–Difficult diagnosis

  • Colonizes the mucosal surfaces of ruminants (urogenital)
  • Obligate symbiotic
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7
Q

Histophilus somnei Symptoms

A
  • Septicaemia
  • CNS (TEME: trombo embolic meningo-encephalitis: sleepers disease)
  • Arthritis
  • Retinitis, conjunctivitis
  • Myocarditis
  • Pneumonia, tracheitis
  • Mastitis
  • Abortion
  • Otitis
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8
Q

Histophilus somnei Virulence factors

A

• Lipooligosaccharides (LOS):

———–immune evasion and complement resistance

• OMPs

———–Transferrin binding proteins

———– Ig binding proteins (less opsonisation)

• Host cell interaction

———– Activation of caspases & induction of apoptosis: intravascular coagulation

———– Activation of thrombocytes: intravascular coagulation

• Biofilms

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9
Q

Histophilus somnei dx, vaccine, treatment

A

• Diagnosis

———–Bacterial culture

• Treatment

———– Antibiotics

———– Little successful in: septicemic, TEME, myocarditis, polyarthritis, mastitis

• Vaccine is available

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10
Q

Avibacterium paragallinarum Infectious coryza

A
  • Formerly haemophilus paragallinarum
  • Obligate symbiotic
  • Little resistant in the environment
  • NAD dependent
  • Obligate pathogen for chickens
  • Coryza: rhinitis & sinusitis
  • Mainly hobby chickens
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11
Q

Avibacterium paragallinarum Virulence factors

A
  • Capsule (polysaccharides)
  • anti-phagocytosis
  • Anti-complement
  • Adhesins
  • Endotoxin
  • Iron acquisition
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12
Q

Avibacterium paragallinarum pathogenesis and symptoms

A

• Pathogenesis

————-Carriers

————-Transmission via drinking water or aerosol

————-Stress

• Symptoms

————-Acute

———————- General symptoms and anorexia

———————-Conjunctivitis

————-Subacute

————————Sinusitis and pus

————————- Oedema head and neck

• Can become chronic

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13
Q

Avibacterium paragallinarum diagnosis, treatment and prevention

A

Diagnosis

• Bacterial culture

Treatment

  • Important: be fast
  • Antibiotics

Prevention

• Eliminate carriers

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