Test 2- Moraxella Flashcards

1
Q

The genus Moraxella

A

Many Species

  • Of importance
  • M. bovis
  • M. bovoculi
  • M. ovis

Humans

• M. catarrhalis: pneumonia

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2
Q

Moraxella bovis General

A
  • Gram-negative pleomorphic rods
  • Generally in pairs or short chains
  • Non-motile
  • Catalase & oxidase positive
  • Obligate symbiotic
  • Obligate pathogenic

Quite resistant in the environment

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3
Q
A

Moraxella bovis

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4
Q

Moraxella bovis disease in bovines

A

• Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis or ‘Pink eye’

  • Serous to purulent conjunctivitis and keratitis
  • Highly infectious/contagious
  • Mainly young animals
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5
Q

Moraxella bovis Virulence

A

• Essential: fimbriae

———-Adhesion to host cell (eye): conjunctival and corneal epithelial cells

  • Capsule
  • LPS

• Exotoxins
——-Cytotoxin

——- Pore forming toxin

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6
Q

Moraxella bovis Pathogenesis

A
  1. Specific attachment of bacteria to conjunctival/corneal epithelia
  2. Production of toxin

1 and 2 Destroy Tissue

  1. Inflammation
  2. further growth and production of toxins

3 and 4 Further damage

  1. Increased susceptibility for other pathogens
  2. Non infectious damage: dust,…

5 and 6 cause Irreversible eye damage

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7
Q

Moraxella bovis Predisposing factors

A
  • Young cattle
  • Flies
  • Eye irritation

—– Dust

—— Sun,…
• Bovine herpesvirus 1 infection (IBR)

  • Mycoplasma bovoculi
  • Listeria monocytogenes
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8
Q

Moraxella bovis transmission

A

• Direct contact with infected animal

• Flies

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9
Q

Moraxella bovis Diagnosis

A

• Immunofluorescence

  • Culture
  • Blood agar plates at 35°C
  • Hemolytic colonies
  • Oxidase +, non fermenting

• PCR

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10
Q

Moraxella bovis

Prevention and treatment

A

• Prevention:

—– Flies

  • —- Dust
  • —- Elimination of other predisposing factors

—– No vaccine to date

• Treatment
• Antibiotics: local and eventually systemic

—– Tetracycline,florfenicol

• Corticosteroids

—– If inflammation is serious only because it can lower immunity
In separate stable (evt. dark) no flies/dust: transmission will decrease

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11
Q

M. bovoculi

A
  • Cocci
  • Diplococci
  • Associated with keratoconjunctivitis in bovines

—– much more rare

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12
Q

M. ovis

A
  • Cocci
  • Associated with keratoconjunctivitis in bovines

• Associated with pneumonia in bovines

—– much more rare

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13
Q
A
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14
Q
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15
Q
A
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