Test 2- Shigella Citrobacter Enterobacter Providencia

Question 1

Shigella general

Answer 1

• Only of importance to primates

• S. dysenteriae - severe disease in humans
• S. flexneri – more seen in non human primates
• S. boydii - more in tropics rare in non human primates • S. sonnei - more seen in USA • Dysentery • Person to person spread • Oro-fecal, low infectious dose • Symptoms • 1. fever, colic and watery diarrhea • 2. hemorrhagic diarrhea (dysentery)

• Shigella toxin: Shiga toxin- CLOSE RELATIVES TO E.coli

Question 2

Providencia (stuartii, rettgeri,…):

Answer 2

• Occasionally found in animal samples
• Meaning?
• Mainly contamination
• Human: opportunistic pathogens (UTI + catheterization)

Question 3

Citrobacter (koseri, freundii,…)

Answer 3

• Similar to Providencia but cases of meningitis have been described

Question 4

Enterobacter (cloacae, aerogenes,…)

Answer 4

• Similar

Question 5

These bacteria are in general quite resistant to

Answer 5

These bacteria are in general quite resistant to antibiotics, some have chromosomal β-lactamases (natural resistances to penicillins/cephalosporins)