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Bact > Test 2- Actinobacillus > Flashcards

Test 2- Actinobacillus Flashcards

1
Q

Actinobacillus

A
  • Pasteurellaceae
  • A. lignieresii
  • A. equuli
  • A. suis
  • A. arthritidis
  • A. pleuropneumoniae
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2
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae General

A
  • Very important disease in swine rearing
  • Worldwide
  • Younger pigs, in general
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3
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae General

• 2 biotypes

A
  • Biotype 1: NAD-dependent
  • Biotype 2: NAD-independent

with and with staph.

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4
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

16 serotypes of which some are divided in subtypes

A
  • Difference in virulence between serotypes
  • But also within serotypes their may be differences in virulence
  • Geographical differences in prevalence
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5
Q

NAD: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

A

A co-enzyme that functions as a biochemical electron carrier

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6
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Epidemiology

A

• Spread from pig to pig via

————- Direct contact

————-Aerosol (only short distances)

• Spread through the stable (from pen to pen) take care of pigs around the infected pen

————- Ventilation

————-Regrouping of pigs

————- Farmer

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7
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Epidemiology • Carriers:

A

Carriers:

• Nose

• Tonsils

• long noduli

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8
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Pathogenesis

A

Inhalation or Tonsils/nose into Terminal bronchioli Alveoli

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9
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Pathogenesis • Predisposing factors

A

• Bacteria dependent, virulence factors

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10
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Pathogenesis

• Host dependent: stress

A
  • Host dependent: stress
  • Transport
  • Pen exchanges
  • Overpopulation
  • Climate not adapted
  • Ventilation
  • After another infection like M. hyopneumoniae, Aujeszki disease,…
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11
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Virulence factors

A

MOST VIRULENCE FACTORS OF ANY BACTERIA- VERY PATHOGENIC

  1. adhesion: fimbriae

• 2. xxx: Fe necessary

————-Transferrin binding proteins

————-Hemoglobin binding proteins

    1. exotoxin production: Apx toxins
    1. Capsule
  • 5.LPS:LipidAendotoxin
  • 6.OMPs(majorandminorOMPs)
    1. Enzymes • Proteases • Cu-Zn- SOD
  • 8.HSP
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12
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Virulence factors

• 3. exotoxin production: Apx toxins

A
    1. exotoxin production: Apx toxins
  • RTX toxins (Repeat in toxins, leukotoxin like): make pores into cells (blood cells, endothelial cells, alveolar epithelial cells, NF, MF)
  • Recombinant toxins produce lung lesions, APP toxin deletion mutants are non pathogenic
  • Effects on phagocytes
  • Low dose: O2 radicals
  • High dose: lytic
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13
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Symptoms

A

• Symptoms • Respiratory distress • General symptoms • Hyperacute • Acute • Chronic

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14
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Immunity

A

• Antibodies • Protective antigens (included in vaccines) • Type IV fimbriae • Transferrin binding proteins • Apx toxins

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15
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Diagnosis

A

• Symptoms • Autopsia • Bacterial culture • Samples need to be fast in the lab (little resistant, Post mortem contaminants may overgrow), evt. freeze at -20 • Slow grower • Staphylococcus necessary (NAD) • CO2 enriched environment • Selective media • Serology (paired sera) • Only of value at farm level • Detection of carriers (you do not want these in your farm!) • Antibodies (not always conclusive) • Bacterial culture (PCR) • Swab from nose • Swab from tonsils

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16
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Treatment and prevention

A

• Hygiene • Antimicrobials • Sick: parenteral then if better, per os • Frequently too late • Not sick (yet): per os • Not so much acquired resistance • Vaccine • Bacterins: +/- • APX toxins: + • APX & transferrin binding proteins: ++ • APX & TBP & Type 4 fimbriae: +++

17
Q

A. suis General

A

• Obligate symbiotic • Facultative pathogenic • Lesion similar to APP but less extensive • Toxins related to Apx I and II • Carriers: tonsils & vagina • Pathogenic for mice • Sporadic

18
Q

A. suis Symptoms

A

• Limited number of animals affected • Acute: young animals • Acute mortality • Clinical symptoms = APP • Less acute: older piglets • General symptoms (fever, anorexia) • Respiratorydistress • Polyarthritis • Adult • subcutaneous abscesses • Anorexia and fever • Meningitis possible

19
Q

A. suis dx and tx

A

• Diagnosis • Bacterial culture • Care: little resistant • Treatment • antibiotics

20
Q

A. equuli General

A

• Subspecies haemolyticus (reservoir horse) • Subspecies equuli (reservoir horse & pig) • Obligate symbiotic • Facultative pathogen • Easy culture

21
Q

A. equuli Carriers and Symptoms

A

A. equuli • Carriers • Mouth • GI tract • AQX toxins (RTX) • Symptoms • Bronchitis • Pleuritis • pneumonia

22
Q

A. Equuli Foal

A

• Septicaemiae • “sleepy foal disease” • Enteritis • More general localization: slimy pus • Treatment (Ab): fails most of the times • Colostrum

23
Q

A. Equuli Adult horses

A

• Abortions or birth of “sleepy foal disease” foal • Septicaemiae • Frequently localization in joints • Treatment: antibiotics

24
Q

names for Actinobacillus lignieresii

A

Wooden tongue Timber tongue

25
Q

A. Lignieresii General

A

• Obligate symbiont • Facultative pathogenic • Inhabitant of nasopahrynx • Infection of weak tissues: connective tissue proliferation • Mainly tongue (small lesions as entry)

26
Q

A. Lignieresii rare or common outbreak lesions

A

• Rare endogenic infection • Outbreak: • Contaminated surgical material of a vet! • Lesions at surgical site • Lesions: • Capsule of connective tissue with multiple granuloma’s containing yellowish pus and “sulfur granules”

27
Q

A. Lignieresii • Diagnosis

A

• Diagnosis • Histology • Microscopy of granules • Native or HE: typical structure • Gram: Gram negative microorganisms • DD: Actinomycosis (affects the bones) (Actinomyces bovis) • Nocardiosis(severalspp.)

28
Q

A. Lignieresii Therapy:

A

Therapy: prognosis only positive in initial phase (be fast) • Surgery: resection or opening of abscesses • Local unguents base on iodine or Kalium iodine po. or Na iodine iv. (care toxicity) • Frequent relapses

Bact (34 decks)

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