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Bact > Test 2 -Pasteurella > Flashcards

Test 2 -Pasteurella Flashcards

1
Q

Pasteurella multocida General

A
  • Gram negative
  • Obligate symbiotic
  • Little resistant in environment

• Capsule: types A-E (antigenic properties)

  • ——– Type A: mucoid capsule + hyaluronic acid
  • ——— Subdivision of PM based on somatic antigens (1-16)
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2
Q

Pasteurella multocida Virulence factors

A

• Adhesins: fimbriae and outer membrane proteins

  • *• Capsule:**
  • —— Adherence
  • *——- Anti-phagocytic
  • ——-Anti-complement**
  • Cell wall: LPS- gram negative
  • Iron acquisition: siderophores and outer membrane proteins

• Toxins

• RTX (repeats in toxin
——– Leukotoxin and lysis of erythrocytes (hemolysis)

  • ——– Impairspulmonarymacrophagefunction
  • ———Inflammatory reaction with tissue destruction

• Rho activating toxin (Pasteurella multocida toxin, dermonecrotic toxin)

  • Other:
  • Hyaluronidase

• Neuramidase

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3
Q

Pasteurella multocida

hosts for high and low virulent strains

A

• High virulent strains
• Obligate pathogenic: septicaemiae

• In bovines, birds and rabbits

• Low virulent strains
• Facultative pathogenic (nose, tonsils): rhinitis, pneumonia • In pig, bovines and rabbits

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4
Q

P. multocida in rabbits: rhinitis (snuffles)

A
  • May evolve to:
  • Pleuropneumonia
  • Otitis( can see because the head is tilled
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Abscesses
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5
Q

P. multocida in bovines

A
  • Low pathogenic serovars (See bacterial bronchopneumonia in bovines)
  • High pathogenic serovars:
  • Hemorrhagic septicaemiae
  • Serotypes
  • B:2 mainly in South East Asia
  • E:2 mainly in Africa
  • Not really in Europe nor in the USA

Serotypes are just FYI

  • High mortalities (50-100%)
  • Spread by asymptomatic carriers(tonsils)
  • Direct contact • Ticks and flea’s
  • Therapy: Antiboditics do not work
  • Inactivated vaccine
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6
Q

P. multocida in pigs

A
  • Atrophic rhinitis: See Bordetella bronchiseptica
  • Lung pasteurellosis
  • ———-Multifactorial disease
  • ———-Mainly capsule type A and somatic type 3
  • Aerosol transmission
  • Carriers (nose)
  • Suppurative bronchopneumonia and fibrinous pleuritis
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7
Q

P. multocida in poultry: fowl cholera

A

• Different Capsular types

  • Susceptibility differences
  • Duck>goose>turkey>chicken>pheasant>partridge> guinea fowl
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8
Q

P. multocida in poultry:

fowl cholera Pathogenesis

A
  • In nose and beak of healthy animals
  • Entrance: mucosae mouth, throat, trachea, skin lesions (eg. cat bites)

• Septicaemiae
——— acute, subacute, chronic disease progression (depending on host)

• Excretion: nose, mouth

——Drinking water, feed!

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9
Q

P. multocida in poultry: fowl cholera Symptoms

A

• Chicken and turkey

——Mainly young adult

  • ——Chicken: chronic
  • ——————- Sneezing, nose excretions, oedema head
  • Acute: sudden dead
  • Cat bites: always hyperacute in all bird species
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10
Q

P. multocida in cats and dogs

A

• Licking of wounds: wound infection

  • Biting wounds and scratch lesions
  • Cats biting a bird: Bird gets Pasteurella septicaemiae!

————– In the eventual case: always give antibiotics (the bird will not survive the infection)

• Less virulent serotypes

———–Nose

———- Tonsils

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11
Q

Humans and biting wounds by cats and dogs

A
  • Pasteurella spp
  • Neisseria spp
  • Capnocytophaga spp

Above are Frequently with obligate anaerobes involved Sometimes + Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp.

• Bartonella henselae (cat)

Local symptoms, regional Lymph nodes

Bacteremia and tissue localization

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12
Q

• Prevention of Infection from Bites

A
  • Prevent
  • Wound disinfection
  • When antibiotics:
  • Fever
  • hands/face
  • Stab wound (deep and can get anaerobic)
  • Pus
  • Whensurgeryisnecessary
  • Risk groups (lower immunity)
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13
Q

Mannheimia hemolytica

A

Mannheimia hemolytica used to be Pasteurella hemolytica

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14
Q

Mannheimia hemolytica

General

A
  • Obligate symbiotic
  • Capsule types (A-F)
  • Low environmental resistance
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15
Q

Mannheimia hemolytica

Virulence factors

A

• Leukotoxin: RTX family (related to Apx toxins of APP,…)

  • ———– Low dose: oxidative metabolism in NF & MF
  • ————-High dose: lysis of phagocytes
  • ————– Only effective on leucocytes of bovines and sheep!

—————Strongly antigenic
• Transferrin binding proteins

  • Endotoxins (LPS)
  • Capsule (anti-Phagocytosis)

• Fimbriae

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16
Q

Mannheimia hemolytica

In different animals

A

Ruminants

Facultative pathogenic

—————-Bovine: tonsils/nasopharynx (low numbers)

—————-Sheep: nose and tonsils

Pneumonia (both primary and secondary infection are possible)

(septicaemiae)

Sheep

All serotypes

Frequently found in the nose

Little to no acquired antimicrobial resistance

• Bovines

Serotypes 1, 2, 6

Seldom found in nose

Quite some acquired antimicrobial resistance

Role in bacterial bronchopneumonia in calves

17
Q

Bacterial broncho-pneumonia in calves

A

• Multifactorial disease

———— Environmental factors- grouping cows together

  • ————Viral infections
  • ————Bacterial infections

• In young animals

18
Q

Bacterial broncho-pneumonia in calves

A

Primary pathogens possibly involved:
• M. haemolytica
• Mycoplasma bovis
• Histophilus somni (+ CNS SY: sleeper disease)

  • Ureaplasma diversum
  • Mycoplasma dispar (chronic respiratory disease)
  • Salmonella Dublin
  • don’t need to know for test 2, but will need to know for the final
19
Q

Bacterial broncho-pneumonia in calves

A
  • Secondary pathogens possibly involved
  • Pasteurella multocida (low, medium virulent strains)
  • ————- Facultative pathogen
  • ————–Respiratory system
  • Trueperella pyogenes
  • Moraxella spp.
20
Q

Shipping fever

A

Bacterial broncho-pneumonia in calves by M. haemolytica and P. multocida

when you have these two together—– you call them shipping fever

21
Q

M. haemolytica and P. multocida

Pathogenesis: endogenic

A
  • Stress (transport, environmental changes, viral infection,…)
  • Multiplication at the nasopharynx of M. haemolytica

———-Excretion

———- Lung (aspiration of upper airway droplets)

——————- Fibronecrotic bronchopneumonia

———- Septicaemic phase (not so frequent)

• P. multocida: secondary pathogen

———-Capsule type A, (D)

22
Q

M. haemolytica and P.

multocida

Pathogenesis: exogenic

A

Pathogenesis: exogenic

  • Excretion of high numbers of MH by infected calves
  • Other animals get colonized/infected
23
Q

Immunity from shipping fever

A
  • Mainly antibody mediated immunity
  • Presence in tonsils: antibody production and partial protection
  • Protective antigens:

———-Leukotoxin (not fully protective)

  • ——— Surface antigens
  • ——————–Capsule(notagoodgradeofprotection)

———-Transferrin binding proteins
• Vaccine: needs a combination of factors

24
Q

Symptoms of shipping fever

A
  • General symptoms
  • Respiratory distress
  • Generally doesnt’ feel well
25
Q

Lesions from shipping fever

A

• Different grades and depending on complicating infections

  • ——— Fibrinous necrotizing bronchopneumonia
  • ———Serofibrinous pleuritis
  • ———Well defined pneumonia zones
26
Q
A

shipping fever

27
Q

Diagnosis

• Mannheimia haemolytica and

p. multocida

A

Mannheimia haemolytica

• Bacterial culture from

———- Lungs

  • ———BAL
  • ———Nose (though difficult interpretation)

• Little resistant: quick to lab
• Pasteurella multocida:
• Culture from lung, BAL (nose)

28
Q

Treatment of M. Hemmolytica and P. multocida

A

• Prevention!

———-Ventilation

  • ———Thermoregulation
  • ——— Feed: stomach fermentation

——————–Lower energy concentration
• Vaccination (success is variable)

———- Bacterins:+/-

———-Bacteria grown in Fe deprived media (transferrin binding proteins)+

———-Bacteria + leukotoxins +

• Antibiotics (evt. + cortico steroids)

29
Q

Bibersteinia trehalosi

A

Sheep

Septicaemiae at the age of 5-12 months; resembles bovine hemorrhagic septicaemia

DD -Clostridium perfringens enterotoxemia

Acute mortality

———- Stress

———-Changes in feed

used to be a pasterella

Bact (34 decks)

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