Test 2- Pseudomonas spp Flashcards
Genus Pseudomonas General
- Gram negative
- Rods
- Motile (Flagella)
- Obligate aerobic
- Many species in this genus
- Most saprophytic- VERY RESISTANCE BECAUSE IN ENVIORNMENT
- Mainly in waters
P. aeruginosa
- Facultative symbiotic
- Facultative pathogenic
- Usually secondary infection
- Lives in:
- Soil
- Water
- On plants
Easy grower on different plates
Large colonies
Typical odor (candy sweet)
Bleu-greenish pigmentation on certain media, especially on Mueller- Hinton medium (susceptibility testing)
——— Pyocyanins (also anti-bacterial: bacteriocin)
——— Pyoverdins
Oxidase positive
Lactose negative
P. aeruginosa
Infections
- Environmental origin
- High natural resistance
- Can adapt to humid hospital environments
- ——– Respirators/tracheotubes
- ——– Endoscopes,…
P. aeruginosa
Virulence factors
• Adhesion
-Fimbriae
- Non fimbrial adhesins and OMPs (affinity for mucin)
- Flagella
- LPS (endotoxin)
- Exotoxins (different)
- Biofilm (slime)
- Capsule (anti phagocytosis)
• Iron acquisition
P. aeruginosa
Pathogenicity
- Cold blooded animals
- P. aeruginosa secondary infections in
——— Mammalians
——— Birds
P. aeruginosa
Pathogenicity
• Predisposing factors:
• High infection pressure
——— Drinking water
——— Environment
• Humidity (eg. in rabbits and sheep skin infections)
——— Fleece rot in sheep
- Reduced immunity
- Local
——— Antimicrobial therapy (microbiota disturbance)
——— (burn) wounds…
• General
P. aeruginosa
Pathogenesis
- Colonization on damaged surface
- Adhesins
- Tissue destruction
- Inflammation
- Exotoxins, pyocyanin
P. aeruginosa
Cats and dogs
• Skin infections: pyoderma
• Cystitis
• Otitis externa
• Different purulent processes:
-Pus can be bleu-green
P. aeruginosa
Eye infections
Cornea ulcus
because the eye is humid
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Hamster, guinea pig, chinchilla, mink
- Pneumonia
- Septicaemiae
- High mortality (especially farmed mink)
- Origin: mainly drinking water
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Rabbit
• Skin infection
- Moist dermatitis
- In cleanest rabbitries!- the most resistant bacteria is left!
- ——– With automatic drinking water system
- ——– ————-Rabbits get moist by laying under nipples
——— high use of disinfectants
• Pneumonia
——— sporadic
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Horses
- *Metritis-vaginitis**
- Secondary to prolonged antimicrobial treatment
-Contaminated semen- AI
Keratitis conjunctivitis
Secondary infection following topical treatment with steroids-antibiotic mixtures
P. aeruginosa has a high level of natural resistance to many antibiotics
P. aeruginosa has also a high prevalence of acquired resistance
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Mastitis
- Bovines
- Sheep
• Goat
Sheep get fleece rot
• Acute with high mortality
- Origin:
- Environment
- Teat injector (antibiotics)
- Teat cleansing towel
- Frequently a farm related problem
- Persistence in udder, even after treatment
- Biofilm
- Antibiotic resistance
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Mastitis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Reptiles
• Necrotic stomatitis
- Pneumonia
- Septicaemiae
• Secondary to poor housing- needs to be their envioronment- humid, etc
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Parrots and parrakeets (psittaciformes)
• Secondary infection
• Symptoms vary
-Conjunctivitis
- Rhinitis
- Pneumonia
- Airsacculitis
- Secondary infection
• Symptoms vary
• Conjunctivitis
- Rhinitis
- Pneumonia
- Airsacculitis
- Enteritis
• Origin bacteria: mainly drinking water
—- might be biofilm formation
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Galliformes
• Origin typically water supply- containmation in water
- In oviduct of turkeys
- Contamination of eggs (also by dipping fluid)
- Exploding eggs (H2S odor)
- Neonatal mortality
• Complication of viral infection (eg. TRT, IB) especially when the viral infection is treated with antibiotics…
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Treatment (general)
• Take away the cause of infection!
• Treatment
- Antibiotics: (test for susceptibility)
- Anti-pseudomonas β-lactams (piperacillin, ticarcillin, cefoperazone)
- Fluoroquinolones
- Aminoglycosides
- Ear;local application of polymixin/colistin
• Most of the animals die (except otitis externa) even with treatment
• Treatment
- Antibiotics: (test for susceptibility)
- Anti-pseudomonas β-lactams (piperacillin, ticarcillin, cefoperazone) • Fluoroquinolones
- Aminoglycosides
- Ear;localapplicationofpolymixin/colistin
• Most of the animals die (except otitis externa) even with treatment
Phage therapy
- Phage therapy
- Experiments on humans ongoing: burn wound center
- Local application
- Strain specific
Since it’s such a resistant bacteria, you have alternative ways to deal with it.
Pseudomonas spp.
• Cold blooded animals (reptiles, fish, amphibians,…)
FIRST THING THAT YOU WILL DO; look at the water
