Test 1.3 Flashcards
Lower crossed syndrome is caused by what?
Tight erector spinae and iliopsoas
Weak gluteus Maximus and abdominals
Explain what is linked to what in the kinetic chain
Cervical spine—> thoraco lumbar spine—-> SI joints —-> hip joints —> knee joints —-> foot and ankle
What is the kinetic chain
A series of adjacent segments in which movements at one joint cause a series of reactions in other joints
Deviations from the norm in the kinetic effect what?
Adjacent and non adjacent joints
Associated muscles and tendons
Associated ligaments and capsules
What does weak Abs / tight LB lead to
Anterior pelvic tilt
Increased L-spine lordosis
What does weak Hip Flexors and tight hamstring lead to
Posterior pelvic tilt
Flat L-spine
What is the most common pelvic rotation
R anterior
What are the two types of skeletal muscle tissues
Tonic and phasic
What are the intrinsic properties of skeletal muscle tissue
Length vs tension
Agonistic vs antagonistic
Force vs velocity curve
What are the characteristics of tonic muscles
•Postural muscles
- support body against gravity
- Increase in slow twitch fibers
- tendency to become overactive and shortened
- associated with “Trigger Points”
What are the characteristics of phasic muscles
•Movers
- high velocity and high force
- Increase in fast twitch fibers
- tendency to become weak and inhibited under stress
- associated with strains
What are tonic and phasic muscles prone to?
Tonic - hyperactivity
Phasic - inhibition
What’s the function of tonic and phasic
Tonic -posture
Phasic - movement
What’s the reaction to faulty loading for tonic and phasic muscles
Tonic -shortening
Phasic - weakening
What are the tonic muscles in your thigh
Hamstrings Iliopsoas TFL Rectus femoris Piriformis Thigh adductors
What are the phasic muscles in thigh
Vastus lateralis/medialis
Gluteal muscles
What is the tonic and phasic muscle in your foot
Tonic -Gastroc
Phasic - tibialis anterior
What are the phasic muscles in your trunk
Thoracic erectors
Rectus abdominis
What are the tonic muscles in your trunk
Lumbar and cervical erectors
Quadratus lumborum
What are the functional changed of muscle imbalance
- increase energy expenditure
- decrease efficiency
- change in normal movement patterns
What is the relationship between for muscle imbalance
Relationship is between facilitated and inhibited muscles
For muscle imbalance what do postural insufficiencies place on your body
Abnormal forces on the joints
What does kinematics measure
Joint excursion
What does kinetics measure
Joint forces
What does EMG measure
Muscle activation
What are the three different views you can use for inspection of a plum line
Lateral
Anterior
Posterior
For the lateral view what body deviations should you look for
- ankle
- knee
- hip
- shoulder
- neck
- head
For the anterior view what body deviations should you look for
Feet STJ Shank Knee shoulder Neck Head
For the posterior view what body deviations do you wanna look for
Heel Knees Pelvis Lumbar spine Scapulae Neck Head
What is used in place of a plum line
Symmetrigraph
What are the different types of techniques to measure leg length discrepancy
X-Ray
Tape measure
Supine measure
What types cause lead to leg length discrepancy
Structural (True)
Functional (apparent)
Compensatory (Changes in joint position within the kinetic chain)
What is the most commonly used method to measure leg length discrepancy
Tape measurement for structural from ASIS to Apex if medial malleolus
For functional measure from navel to each apex of medial mallelous
Lower crossed syndrome is caused by what?
Facilitated (tight) iliopsoas and Rectus femoris and erector spinae
Inhibited (loose) abdominal and gluteals
