final 3.1

Question 1

list the disorders of the spinal column

Answer 1

Spondylitis
Spondylosis
Spondylolysis
Spondylolisthesis
Ankylosing spondylitis

Question 2

define Spondylitis and the predisposing factor

Answer 2

Inflammation of one or multiple bony vertebrae of the spine

Scoliosis

Question 3

true or false

Spndylitis includes the facet joint and capsule

Answer 3

true

Question 4

What may spondyitis irritate

Answer 4

nerve root

Question 5

Whats the MOI for Spondylitis and Signs and Symptoms

Answer 5

Extension overload w/rotation component
Back pain
Pain on movement, especially with extension
Decreased mobility
Paresthesia with nerve root involvement

Question 6

define spondylosis and what it includes

Answer 6

Degenerative joint disease

Spinal osteoarthritis
Usually encountered in an older population (40+)

MOI:
Microtrauma

Question 7

what are the signs and symptoms for spondylosis

Answer 7

Narrowing of intervertebral spaces(s)
Adjacent vertebrae may fuse
May accompany formation of osteophytes on vertebrae causing stenosis
Numbness, tingling and pain which may radiate

Question 8

Define Spondylolysis and what it includes

Answer 8

Defect in pars interarticularis
Stress Fx or congenital
“Scottie dog” deformity
Usually bilateral and more than one vertebrae are involved

Question 9

whats the MOI for Spondylolysis

Answer 9

Micro trauma

Most often going to affect the skeletally immature athlete

Question 10

whats the Signs and Symptoms for Spondylolysis

Answer 10

Morning stiffness
Pain
Sitting for prolonged periods of time may cause pain
Repetitive movements such as lifting and extension may increase pain

Question 11

define Spondylolisthesis and what it includes

Answer 11

Full Fx which displaces vertebra(e)
Slip anteriorly 
Occurs only at the L-spine
Condition rests with the individual for the rest of        their life
Predispositions
Hyperextension mechanisms
Usually occurs unilaterally and at L5

Question 12

explain the classification of Spondylolisthesis

Answer 12

Usually slippage never exceeds 25% (Stage I)
Slippage between 25-45% requires a brace (Stage II)
Slippage beyond 50% constitute a medical emergency (Stage III)
Candidate for surgery

Question 13

whats the Signs and Symptoms for Spondylolisthesis

Answer 13

Vertebral slippage
Lower back pain and stiffness
Potential radiating pain in the thighs and buttocks
Tenderness in the area of the slipped disc
Muscle tightness (tight hamstring muscles)

Question 14

whats is the stork test for

Answer 14

Spondylolisthesis

Question 15

define Ankylosing Spondylitis and what it includes

Answer 15

Congenital disease found almost exclusively in males
HLA-B27 antigen

Vertebral joints fuse
Seen in late teen years

Systemic disease
Possible spread to extremities

Question 16

what are the different types of vertebral fractures

Answer 16

Compression
Transverse process
Spinous process

Question 17

what does vertebral fractures include

Answer 17

Compression (body)

Most common at L1

Transverse or spinous process Fx

Usually stable Fx’s with no associated neurological symptoms

MOI:
Falling from a height
Hyperflexion
blow to back

Question 18

whats the signs and symptoms of vertebral fractures

Answer 18

Sudden, severe back pain
Worsening of pain when standing or walking
Some pain relief when lying down
Difficulty and pain when bending or rotating the spine
Loss of height
Deformity of the spine - curved, “hunchback” shape

Question 19

what do vertebral dislocations or fractures include

Answer 19

Rare due to orientation of facet joints
Usually occur in conjunction with a fracture
MOI:
Violent trauma
High-speed deceleration that involves rotation, shear, hyperextension or flexion force

Question 20

what are the signs and symptoms for vertebral dislocation/subluxation

Answer 20

Extreme focal pain exacerbated with movement
Extreme focal swelling
Ecchymosis
Limited spinal movement
Potential neurological symptoms with nervous tissue lesion

Question 21

whats the special test for vertebral dislocation/subluxation

Answer 21

Segmental instability test only subluxation

Question 22

what does sacralization include

Answer 22

Congenital
Occurs when L5 fuses with the sacrum
“6” fused sacral segments leads to decreased L-spine flexion

Question 23

whats the special test for sacralization

Answer 23

sacral compression (spring)

Question 24

what does lumbarization include

Answer 24

Congenital
S1 doesn’t fuse to sacrum
“6” lumbar vertebrae
Hypermobile L-spine leads to increased hyperextension

Question 25

True or false

Spondylolysithesis can occur in any area of the spine

Answer 25

False, can only occur at L-spine