final 3.1 Flashcards
list the disorders of the spinal column
Spondylitis Spondylosis Spondylolysis Spondylolisthesis Ankylosing spondylitis
define Spondylitis and the predisposing factor
Inflammation of one or multiple bony vertebrae of the spine
Scoliosis
true or false
Spndylitis includes the facet joint and capsule
true
What may spondyitis irritate
nerve root
Whats the MOI for Spondylitis and Signs and Symptoms
Extension overload w/rotation component Back pain Pain on movement, especially with extension Decreased mobility Paresthesia with nerve root involvement
define spondylosis and what it includes
Degenerative joint disease
Spinal osteoarthritis
Usually encountered in an older population (40+)
MOI:
Microtrauma
what are the signs and symptoms for spondylosis
Narrowing of intervertebral spaces(s)
Adjacent vertebrae may fuse
May accompany formation of osteophytes on vertebrae causing stenosis
Numbness, tingling and pain which may radiate
Define Spondylolysis and what it includes
Defect in pars interarticularis
Stress Fx or congenital
“Scottie dog” deformity
Usually bilateral and more than one vertebrae are involved
whats the MOI for Spondylolysis
Micro trauma
Most often going to affect the skeletally immature athlete
whats the Signs and Symptoms for Spondylolysis
Morning stiffness
Pain
Sitting for prolonged periods of time may cause pain
Repetitive movements such as lifting and extension may increase pain
define Spondylolisthesis and what it includes
Full Fx which displaces vertebra(e) Slip anteriorly Occurs only at the L-spine Condition rests with the individual for the rest of their life Predispositions Hyperextension mechanisms Usually occurs unilaterally and at L5
explain the classification of Spondylolisthesis
Usually slippage never exceeds 25% (Stage I)
Slippage between 25-45% requires a brace (Stage II)
Slippage beyond 50% constitute a medical emergency (Stage III)
Candidate for surgery
whats the Signs and Symptoms for Spondylolisthesis
Vertebral slippage
Lower back pain and stiffness
Potential radiating pain in the thighs and buttocks
Tenderness in the area of the slipped disc
Muscle tightness (tight hamstring muscles)
whats is the stork test for
Spondylolisthesis
define Ankylosing Spondylitis and what it includes
Congenital disease found almost exclusively in males
HLA-B27 antigen
Vertebral joints fuse
Seen in late teen years
Systemic disease
Possible spread to extremities
what are the different types of vertebral fractures
Compression
Transverse process
Spinous process
what does vertebral fractures include
Compression (body)
Most common at L1
Transverse or spinous process Fx
Usually stable Fx’s with no associated neurological symptoms
MOI:
Falling from a height
Hyperflexion
blow to back
whats the signs and symptoms of vertebral fractures
Sudden, severe back pain
Worsening of pain when standing or walking
Some pain relief when lying down
Difficulty and pain when bending or rotating the spine
Loss of height
Deformity of the spine - curved, “hunchback” shape
what do vertebral dislocations or fractures include
Rare due to orientation of facet joints
Usually occur in conjunction with a fracture
MOI:
Violent trauma
High-speed deceleration that involves rotation, shear, hyperextension or flexion force
what are the signs and symptoms for vertebral dislocation/subluxation
Extreme focal pain exacerbated with movement
Extreme focal swelling
Ecchymosis
Limited spinal movement
Potential neurological symptoms with nervous tissue lesion
whats the special test for vertebral dislocation/subluxation
Segmental instability test only subluxation
what does sacralization include
Congenital
Occurs when L5 fuses with the sacrum
“6” fused sacral segments leads to decreased L-spine flexion
whats the special test for sacralization
sacral compression (spring)
what does lumbarization include
Congenital
S1 doesn’t fuse to sacrum
“6” lumbar vertebrae
Hypermobile L-spine leads to increased hyperextension
True or false
Spondylolysithesis can occur in any area of the spine
False, can only occur at L-spine
