Test 1 Flashcards by Ashley Wright

The right side of the heart is what kind of blood?

deoxygenated

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the lefts of the heart is what kind of blood?

oxygenated

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What is the only artery with deoxygenated blood?

Pulmonary artery

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What is the only vein with oxygenated blood?

Pulmonary vein

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What is the strongest part of the heart?

Left ventricle

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angina

blood flow to the coronary artery is blocked off

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describe the pressure changes in the atria and ventricles during a cardiac cycle?

high pressure in ventricles, low pressure in atria. Usually goes from high to low

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What is the purpose of low pressure?

allows blood to refill the cavity once the ventricles contract

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What causes heart sounds?

lubb is when AV valves are closing dubb is when SL valves are closing

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What is the function of the cardiac conduction system?

carry electrical impulses to the heart

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What types of tissues make up the cardiac conduction system?

SA node and AV node

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The SA and AV are where?

right atrium

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how is a cardiac impulse initiated?

by the SA node

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how is a cardiac impulse transmitted from the right atrium to the other heart chambers?

firing from the SA node to the AV node

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the heart is squeezed from what?

apex to base

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p waves are created by what?

firing of the SA node

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QRS wave?

pumping of the ventricles

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T wave

atrium filling up again

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what is the function of the smooth muscle in the atrial wall?

the blood can flow without obstruction

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capillary wall

simple squamous tissue

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function of a capillary

to carry blood; allows blood to go to body tissues; connects arteries to veins

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What is the largest artery?

aorta

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What is the largest vein?

vena cava

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What is the longest vein?

Great Saphenous vein

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What i the difference between and artery and a vein?

arteries are thicker and veins have valves

Why do veins have valves?

so that the blood doesn't go backwards

Which have more pressure arteries or veins?

arteries

lubb sound?

av valves closing

dubb sound?

sl valves closing

purpose of the SA node?

starts heartbeat

Which valves have chord tendineae?

AV valves

What takes blood back to the right atrium?

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus

What kind of capillaries are involved in external respiration?

pulmonary capillaries

what artery measures blood pressure?

brachiocephalic a; goes to the right side of the head and arm

What is called the blood reservoir?

venus system

What are the five types of leukocytes?

Neurotrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, and Basophils

What is the smallest cells?

Erythrocytes

What is the smallest white blood cells?

Lymphocytes

Endocrine gland is made up of what tissues?

epithelial tissues

Steroids are derived from what?

cholesterol, which allows the molecule to pass right through cell membranes

What are the different types of non steroids?

monoamines, peptides, and proteins

What types of non steroids are synthesized in the hypothalamus?

peptide

How are hormones regulated?

Negative feedback

Where are chromaffin cells and what do they produce?

adrenal medulla and NE & EPI

What is stored in colloid?

T3 and T4

islets of Langerhans

alpha-glucagon beta-insulin delta-SS

extra follicular cells are related to what hormone?

calcitonin

G protein

makes 2nd messengers, specifically cAMP; it is an amplifier used to help carry the signals from non steroid hormones to the nucleus of a cell

Is the neurohypophysis an endocrine gland?

What is the adenohypophysis?

Anterior pituitary gland

What is the neurohypophysis?

Posterior pituitary gland

Hypophyseal portal system

- allows for neural signals to be extended into the anterior pituitary gland - a venus portal system - connects to the infiduibulum

Which hormones travel the hypophyseal portal system?

CRH, GnRH, GHRH, TRH, and SS

angiotensinogen is secreted by what?

Liver

Which valves have chordae tendineae?

Atrioventricular Valves

Hemocytoblasts (Hematopoietic stem cell)

- potential to make all the blood cells | - bone marrow transport

Buffy coat contains what?

platelets and leukocytes

What is diapedesis

the ability for a leukocyte to jump out of circulation

What happens to platelets when exposed to collagen?

They form a plug, which refer to as clotting

How long do red blood cells usually live for?

120days

What kind of cells make antibodies?

B-Lymphocytes

Where are B-Lymphocytes formed?

Bone marrow

Where are T-Lymphocytes formed?

thymus gland

What are monocytes in interstitial fluid?

macrophages

What type of plasma protein are antibodies?

globulins

What does albumins do?

osmotic pressure of the plasma

What does serotonin do?

contracts smooth muscle in the vessel walls, reducing blood flow

thrombus

blood clot in original location

embolus

blood clot that has moved from its source of origin

What is the most common artery for heart attacks?

Left artery

What is the infundibulum?

pituitary stalk

What are the five types of secretory cells and what do they secrete?

somatotropes(GH), mammatropes(PRL), thyrotropes(TSH), corticotropes(ACTH), and gonadotropes(FSH & LH)

Adrenal medulla is connected with the parasympathetic or sympathetic division of the nervous system?

Sympathetic (NE)

What are the epithelial layers of the adrenal cortex and what do they produce?

zona glomerulosa(aldosterone), zona fasciculata(cortisol), zona reticularis(sex hormones)

Addison disease?

adrenal cortex does not secrete hormones sufficiently, which can lead to death from severe electrolyte imbalance

Cushing syndrome

hyper secretion of cortisol

melatonin

synthesized from serotonin in the pineal gland

circadian rhythms

patterns of repeated activity associated with cycles of night and day

erythropoietin

hormone that controls the rate of red blood cell

blood is what kind of tissue?

connective tissue

Fibrinogen

functions in blood clotting

What is the major event of blood coagulation

conversion of soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin

Antigen

triggers an immune response

Antibodies

immune response to an encounter with an antigen that is not found on the body's own cells

Where is the heart located?

mediastinum and rests on the diaphragm

What are the layers of the heart wall?

epicardium, myocardium, and the endocardium

Cardiac cycle

the atria contract while the ventricles relax; the ventricles contract while the atria relax

What connects to form a functional syncytium?

cardiac muscle cells

Cardia conduction system

impulses from the SA node pass slowly to the AV node; impulses are conducted rapidly along the AV bundle and Purkinje fibers

What are arteries?

transport blood under relatively high pressure away from the heart

what are arterioles?

branches of the arteries

venules

continuations of capillaries that merge to form veins