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Anatomy 2 > List 3 > Flashcards

List 3 Flashcards

1
Q

pericardium

A
  • pericardial sac
  • covering that encloses the heart and the proximal ends of the large blood vessels to which it attaches
  • fibrous pericardium(covers the double layered serous membrane), visceral pericardium/epicardium(covers the heart), parietal pericardium(covers the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium)
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2
Q

myocardium

A
  • middle layer of the heart wall

- thick and consists largely of the cardiac muscle tissue that pumps blood out of the heart chambers

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3
Q

endocardium

A
  • inner layer of the heart wall

- consists of epithelium and underlying connective tissue that contains many elastic and collage fibers

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4
Q

auricles

A
  • earlike projections

- extend anteriorly from the atria, and slightly increase the atrial volume

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5
Q

atria vs ventricles

A 
Atria:
-have thin walls
-receive blood returning to the heart
Ventricles:
-force the blood out of the heart into arteries
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6
Q

atrioventricular sulcus vs. interventricular sulci

A

Atrioventricular sulcus:
-deepest of the groove
-encircles the heart between the atria and ventricles
Interventricular sulci:
-mark the septum that separates the right and left ventricles

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7
Q

papillary muscles

A
  • cardiac muscle tissue
  • project inward from the walls of the ventricle
  • contract when the right ventricle contracts, and as the tricuspid valve closes, these muscles pull on the chord tendineae and prevent the cusps from swinging back into the right atrium
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8
Q

AV valves vs. semilunar valves

A

Atrioventricular valves:
-a valve in the heart through which blood flows from the atria to the ventricles.
-The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle is the mitral (bicuspid) valve;
- the right AV valve is the tricuspid valve.
Semilunar valves:
- pocketlike structures attached at the point at which the pulmonary artery and the aorta leave the ventricles
-The pulmonary valve guards the orifice between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
-The aortic valve protects the orifice between the left ventricle and the aorta

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9
Q

coronary arteries

A
  • first two branches of the aorta
  • supply blood to the tissues of the heart
  • right coronary splits into the marginal a. and the posterior interventricular a.
  • left gives rise to the circumflex and the anterior interventricular a.
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10
Q

coronary sinus

A
  • drains venous blood into the right atrium from the myocardium of the heart
  • atrioventricular sulcus
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11
Q

pulmonary vs. systemic circulation

A

Pulmonary:
-between the heart and lungs
Systemic:
-pumping of oxygenated blood to the body and then pumping deoxygenated blood back

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12
Q

S-A node

A
  • Sinoatrial Node
  • natural pacemaker
  • by the right atrium and superior vena cava
  • determines the heart beat frequency through neural signals from the nervous system
  • key portion of the cardiac conduction system
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13
Q

A-V node

A
  • Atrioventricular
  • Right atrium by the interatrial septum wall and bicuspid valve
  • slows the signal down, which slows down the muscle contraction of the heart
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14
Q

functional syncytium

A
  • acts as a unit that is located in the atrial and ventricular walls.
  • Connecter in-between the atriums.
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15
Q

A-V bundle

A
  • Bundle of His
  • only electrical connection between the atrium and the ventricles
  • runs from the interventricular septum wall to the apex
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16
Q

brachiocephalic artery

A
  • supplies blood to the tissues of the upper limb and head
  • branched from aortic arch and rises through the mediastinum to a point near the junction of the sternum and right clavicle
  • divides, into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian
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17
Q

common carotid arteries

A
  • (Right)Transports blood to the right side of the neck and head; off of the brachiocephalic
  • (Left) second branch of the aorta, supply blood to the left side of the body
18
Q

subclavian arteries

A
  • (Right) leads blood into the right arm; off of brachiocephalic
  • (Left) third branch of the aorta; supplies blood to the left side of the body
19
Q

circle of willis

A

-formed by the anterior and posterior cerebral arteries, which join the internal carotid arteries

20
Q

hepatic portal system

A

-venous pathway that allows blood to flow from the gastrointestinal organs to the liver before returning to the heart

21
Q

superior and inferior vena cava

A

-lead to the right atrium

22
Q

celiac artery

A

-gives rise to the left gastric, splenic, and hepatic arteries, which supply upper portions of the digestive tract, the spleen, and the liver

23
Q

systolic pressure

A
  • maximum pressure achieved during ventricular contraction

- aorta and pulmonary trunk

24
Q

diastolic pressure

A

-lowest pressure that remains in the arteries before the next ventricular contraction

25
Q

internal carotid arteries

A
  • begins lateral to the external carotid artery then follows a deep curse upward along the pharynx to the base of the skull
  • the ophthalmic artery, posterior communicating artery, and the anterior choroid artery all branch off of it
  • terminates into the anterior cerebral and middle cerebral arteries
26
Q

electrocardiogram

A
  • EKG

- recording of the electrical changes in the myocardium during a cycle

27
Q

QRS complex of EKG

A

-marks depolarization of the ventricles and signals repolarization of the atria

28
Q

vagus nerve

A
  • Nerve #10
  • Parasympathetic
  • Slows down heart rate
29
Q

tunica intima(interna) vs. tunica media vs. tunica adventitia(external)

A
  • interna: innermost tunic, simple squamous epithelium. allows blood to flow through smoothly(prevent blood clotting)
  • media: makes up the bulk of the arterial wall; smooth muscles cells. give the vessel a tough elasticity which allows it to stretch for blood pressure/volume
  • externa: outer layer and thin, connective tissue with elastic and collagen fibers; attaches arteries to the surrounding tissues.
30
Q

thoracic aorta vs. abdominal aorta

A

-thoracic aorta is above the diaphragm and the abdominal aorta is below the diaphragm

31
Q

renal arteries

A

-pass laterally from the aorta into the kidneys

32
Q

superior mesenteric artery vs. inferior mesenteric artery

A
  • (Superior) supplies to the small intestine and proximal large intestine
  • (Inferior) supplies blood to the distal large intestine
33
Q

vertebral arteries

A
  • arise from the subclavian arteries in the base of the neck near the tips of the lungs
  • runs through the transfers processes of the cervical vertebrae enter through the foramen magnum
  • runs together to form the basilar a.
34
Q

brachial arteries

A
  • couses along the humerus to the elbow

- branch off of the subclavian

35
Q

radial arteries

A
  • continuation of the brachial artery, extends along the radial side of the forearm to the wrist
  • how to take pulse at wrist
36
Q

common iliac arteries

A
  • divides into internal and external

- provide blood to the pelvic organs, gluteal region, and lower limbs

37
Q

suprarenal arteries

A
  • direct branch off of the abdominal aorta

- supplies blood to Adrenal gland

38
Q

phrenic arteries

A

-supplies blood to the diaphragm

39
Q

great saphenous veins

A
  • longest vein in the body
  • has varicose vein problems
  • pull from great saphenous for bypass surgeries
40
Q

median cubital veins

A
  • The vein we use to draw blood from

- Connects the cephalic and basilic

41
Q

internal jugular veins

A

-descend through the neck beside the common carotid arteries and also join the subclavian veins, which creates the brachiocephalic vein.

42
Q

atherosclerosis

A

-plaque build up in the arteries causing a hardening around the arteries

Anatomy 2 (14 decks)

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