Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy 2 > List #9 > Flashcards

List #9 Flashcards

1
Q

cleavage

A

-rapid cell division and distribution of the zygote’s cytoplasm into progressively smaller cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

blastomeres

A

-The resulting smaller cells from cleavage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

morula

A

-a solid ball made up of about 16 cells; it remains unattached within the uterine cavity for about 3 days while cell division continues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

blastocyst

A
  • created from the morula, but is now a hollowed out structure, with no zone pellucida
  • at this stage it adheres to the endometrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

embryo proper

A

-the body of the developing offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

inner cell mass(embryoblast) vs. outer cell mass(trophoblast)

A

inner cell mass:
-eventually give rise to the embryo proper
outer cell mass:
-develops into structures that assist the development of the embryo proper
-made up from the cells that form the wall of the blastocyst
-secretes the hormone hCG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

implantation

A
  • growth of the endometrium envelopes the blastocyst until it is completely embedded in the uterine lining
  • begins toward the end of the first week and completes during the second week of development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

placenta

A

a vascular structure, formed by the cells surrounding the embryo and cells of the endometrium, that anchors the embryo to the uterine wall and exchanges nutrients, gases, and wastes between the maternal blood and the embryo’s blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

chorion

A
  • the joining of two layers: a second layer of cells that line the already existing trophoblast.
  • the outermost extra embryonic membrane
  • part of the placenta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

chorionic villi

A
  • slender projections that grow out from the trophoblast
  • increasingly complex ad highly branched
  • become apparent at the end of four weeks
  • filter blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

amnion

A
  • a second membrane, developed around the embryo proper (ectoderm)
  • appears during the second week
  • controls the temp of the amniotic fluid
  • allows for skeletal muscular development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

embryonic disk

A

-flattened inner cell mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

umbilical cord

A

the amnion envelopes the tissues on the underside of the embryo, particularly the connecting stalk, by which it is attached to the chorion and the developing placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

umbilical vein vs. umbilical arteries

A

transport blood between the embryo and the placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

yolk sac

A
  • forms during the second week and is attached to the underside of the embryonic disk(endoderm)
  • forms blood cells in the early stages of development and gives rise to the cells that later become sex cells.
  • incorporated into the digestive tract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

allantois

A
  • forms during the third week as a tube extending from the early yolk sac into the connecting stalk(endoderm)
  • gives rise to the umbilical blood vessels
17
Q

dicidua

A

basalis: area of the uterine wall where the villi attach, forms the placenta
capsularis:
parietals:

18
Q

gastrula

A
  • formed by the cells of the embryonic disc fold inward
  • takes place during the third week
  • formation of the three primary germ layers
19
Q

primary germ layers

A

ectoderm-outer layer of the embryonic disk; PNS, CNS, epidermis
mesoderm-forms between outer layer and inner layer; dermis
endoderm-inner layer of the embryonic disk; lining of the lungs

20
Q

teratogens

A

-factors that cause congenital malformations by affecting an embryo during its period of rapid growth and development or the specialization of structures during fetal development

21
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

-a complication of pregnancy in which the embryo attaches outside the uterus.

22
Q

blastocoel

A

-the fluid-filled cavity of a blastula.

23
Q

trophoblastic lacunae

A
  • one of the spaces in the early syncytiotrophoblastic layer of the chorion before the formation of villi
  • collects blood, which eventually form the placenta
  • house the chronionic villi
24
Q

thalidomide

A
  • used today to treat leprosy and certain blood disorders
  • a mild tranquilizer, that all of the deformed infants had taken early in pregnancy during the time of limb formation as the cause.
  • example of teratogens
25
Q

neural tube

A
  • a sheet of ectoderm folds to form it
  • also called the dorsal induction
  • the closing of the neural groove
26
Q

notochord

A
  • mesoderm
  • sends chemicals to the ectoderm, which create the neural tube
  • eventually becomes the pulp of the intervertebral
27
Q

somites

A
  • mesoderm->eventually become bones, muscles, and dermis

- each of a number of body segments containing the same internal structures (found in the embryonic stages of vertebrae)

28
Q

intraembryonic cavities

A
  • a portion of the conceptus forming in the mesoderm during the third week of development.
  • later will form the other body cavities
  • located in-between the parietal and visceral lateral mesoderm(plates)
29
Q

anencephaly vs. spina bifida

A

anencephaly:
-the neural tube not closing up in the brain
spina bifida
-an opening in the tail end of the spine

30
Q

ductus venosus

A
  • allows blood to bypass the liver
31
Q

foramen ovale

A

-how blood enters the right atrium and partially bypasses the lungs

32
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

-how blood enters the pulmonary trunk partially bypassing the lungs

33
Q

oxytocin and positive feedback system

A

-stimulates powerful uterine contractions
positive feedback system:
-stimulates more contractions in birth after stimulation

34
Q

prolactin

A
  • synthesized from early pregnancy throughout gestation, peaking at the time of birth
35
Q

colostrum

A

-first milk, holds a lot of antibodies and proteins

36
Q

apoptosis

A

-a form of programmed cell death. It occurs throughout life, shaping organs

37
Q

amniocentesis

A

-needle inserted into the amniotic sac withdraws about 5 millimeters of fluid

38
Q

meconium

A
  • the first stool of an infant

Anatomy 2 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions