List 2

Question 1

hematocrit

Answer 1

• The 45% of red blood cells found in blood samples

Question 2

erythropoiesis

Answer 2

• Red blood cell formation

- initially occurs in the yolk sac, liver, and spleen

Question 3

hemocytoblasts

Answer 3

-hematopoietic stem cell; this is what we want for bone marrow transport because it has the potential to make all the blood cells

Question 4

proerythroblast

Answer 4

-messenger RNA for hemoglobin; has a nucleus

Question 5

erythroblast

Answer 5

contains a nucleus and is undergoing mitosis

Question 6

reticulocyte

Answer 6

• they still have an endoplasmic reticulum making hemoglobin.
• in this stage, cells exit the bone marrow to enter the blood.

Question 7

thrombopoietin

Answer 7

-A hormone that stimulates megakaryocytic to proliferate and yield platelets

Question 8

hemoglobin

Answer 8

-Oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells

Question 9

bilirubin

Answer 9

• secreted in the bile as bile pigments
• has an orange pigment
• hemoglobins, proteins, that are not recycled are in this bile

Question 10

anemia

Answer 10

-A deficiency of red blood cells or a reduction in that amount of hemoglobin they contain

Question 11

sickle cell disease

Answer 11

• Cause: defective gene

- Defect: Red blood cells abnormally shaped

Question 12

platelets(thrombocytes)

Answer 12

• not complete cells

- when exposed to collagen they form a plug, which we refer to as clotting

Question 13

serotonin

Answer 13

-contracts smooth muscle in the vessel walls, reducing blood flow

Question 14

albumins

Answer 14

• the smallest of the plasma proteins, yet account for 60% of these proteins by weight
• osmotic pressure of plasma
• keeps the interstitial fluid isotonic(equal)
• synthesized in the liver

Question 15

fibrinogen vs. fibrin

Answer 15

• constitues about 4% of the plasma proteins, they play a primary role in blood coagulation(fibrinogen)
• fibrin is a protein

Question 16

thrombus vs. embolus

Answer 16

• a blood clot abnormally forming in a vessel is a thrombus
• A clot that dislodges, or a fragment of a clot that breaks loose and is carried away by the blood flow is called an embolus

Question 17

prothrombin

Answer 17

• alpha globulin that the liver continually produces and is thus a normal constituent of plasma.
• converts into thrombin when calcium ions are present

Question 18

thrombin

Answer 18

-blood clotting enzyme that catalyzes formation of fibrin from fibrinogen

Question 19

antigens vs. antibodies

Answer 19

-An antigen is any molecule that triggers an immune response. When the immune system encounters an antigen not found not he body’s own cells, it will attack that antigen by producing protein antibodies against that antigen

Question 20

agglutination

Answer 20

-clumping of red blood cells

Question 21

ABO blood groups

Answer 21

-based on the presence/absence of two major antigens on red blood cell membranes

Question 22

Rh factor

Answer 22

• named after the rhesus monkey

- Rh-positve and Rh-negative

Question 23

erythroblastosis fetalis

Answer 23

-Rh negative woman giving birth to a Rh positive baby and the issue with the positive blood circulating in the mothers blood.

Question 24

diapedesis

Answer 24

-allows the white blood cells to leave the circulation

Question 25

differential white blood cell count

Answer 25

- lists percentages of the various types of leukocytes in a blood sample.

Question 26

leukocytosis

Answer 26

- a total number of white blood cells exceeding 10,500 per microliter of blood - more white blood cells than normal, which most likely is response to infection/inflammatory reaction.

Question 27

granulocytes vs. agranulocytes

Answer 27

-Leukocytes with markedly granular cytoplasm are granulocytes, those without are agranulocytes

Question 28

polymorphonuclear leukocytes

Answer 28

-The nucleus of a more mature neutrophil is lobed and consists of two to five sections connected by thin strands of chromatin

Question 29

neutrophils

Answer 29

- have fine cytoplasmic granules that appear light purple with a combination of acid and base stains. - the more lobes the older the cell - phagocytes(can eat and consume things) - most common in the blood stream

Question 30

lymphocytes

Answer 30

- smallest of the leukocytes, but most important because they are the only leukocyte that is specific - immunity(T-lymphocytes & B-lymphocytes) - agranulocytes - B-lymphoctyes make antibodies

Question 31

monocytes

Answer 31

- largest of the white blood cells - kidney shaped - agranulocytes - macrophages: they eat anything and everything

Question 32

macrophages

Answer 32

- phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, and other debris in the tissues - monocytes in the in blood, but become macrophages in interstitial fluid

Question 33

eosinophils

Answer 33

- contain coarse, uniformly sized cytoplasmic granules that stain deep red in acid stain - bilobed nucleus - moderate allergic reaction

Question 34

basophils

Answer 34

- granules can obscure the nucleus - histamine: positive chemotoxins - heparin

Question 35

histamine

Answer 35

-promotes inflammation

Question 36

heparin

Answer 36

-inhibits blood clotting, actions that increase blood flow to injured tissues