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Anatomy 2 > List 2 > Flashcards

List 2 Flashcards

1
Q

hematocrit

A
  • The 45% of red blood cells found in blood samples
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2
Q

erythropoiesis

A
  • Red blood cell formation

- initially occurs in the yolk sac, liver, and spleen

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3
Q

hemocytoblasts

A

-hematopoietic stem cell; this is what we want for bone marrow transport because it has the potential to make all the blood cells

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4
Q

proerythroblast

A

-messenger RNA for hemoglobin; has a nucleus

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5
Q

erythroblast

A

contains a nucleus and is undergoing mitosis

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6
Q

reticulocyte

A
  • they still have an endoplasmic reticulum making hemoglobin.
  • in this stage, cells exit the bone marrow to enter the blood.
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7
Q

thrombopoietin

A

-A hormone that stimulates megakaryocytic to proliferate and yield platelets

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8
Q

hemoglobin

A

-Oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells

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9
Q

bilirubin

A
  • secreted in the bile as bile pigments
  • has an orange pigment
  • hemoglobins, proteins, that are not recycled are in this bile
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10
Q

anemia

A

-A deficiency of red blood cells or a reduction in that amount of hemoglobin they contain

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11
Q

sickle cell disease

A
  • Cause: defective gene

- Defect: Red blood cells abnormally shaped

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12
Q

platelets(thrombocytes)

A
  • not complete cells

- when exposed to collagen they form a plug, which we refer to as clotting

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13
Q

serotonin

A

-contracts smooth muscle in the vessel walls, reducing blood flow

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14
Q

albumins

A
  • the smallest of the plasma proteins, yet account for 60% of these proteins by weight
  • osmotic pressure of plasma
  • keeps the interstitial fluid isotonic(equal)
  • synthesized in the liver
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15
Q

fibrinogen vs. fibrin

A
  • constitues about 4% of the plasma proteins, they play a primary role in blood coagulation(fibrinogen)
  • fibrin is a protein
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16
Q

thrombus vs. embolus

A
  • a blood clot abnormally forming in a vessel is a thrombus
  • A clot that dislodges, or a fragment of a clot that breaks loose and is carried away by the blood flow is called an embolus
17
Q

prothrombin

A
  • alpha globulin that the liver continually produces and is thus a normal constituent of plasma.
  • converts into thrombin when calcium ions are present
18
Q

thrombin

A

-blood clotting enzyme that catalyzes formation of fibrin from fibrinogen

19
Q

antigens vs. antibodies

A

-An antigen is any molecule that triggers an immune response. When the immune system encounters an antigen not found not he body’s own cells, it will attack that antigen by producing protein antibodies against that antigen

20
Q

agglutination

A

-clumping of red blood cells

21
Q

ABO blood groups

A

-based on the presence/absence of two major antigens on red blood cell membranes

22
Q

Rh factor

A
  • named after the rhesus monkey

- Rh-positve and Rh-negative

23
Q

erythroblastosis fetalis

A

-Rh negative woman giving birth to a Rh positive baby and the issue with the positive blood circulating in the mothers blood.

24
Q

diapedesis

A

-allows the white blood cells to leave the circulation

25
Q

differential white blood cell count

A
  • lists percentages of the various types of leukocytes in a blood sample.
26
Q

leukocytosis

A
  • a total number of white blood cells exceeding 10,500 per microliter of blood
  • more white blood cells than normal, which most likely is response to infection/inflammatory reaction.
27
Q

granulocytes vs. agranulocytes

A

-Leukocytes with markedly granular cytoplasm are granulocytes, those without are agranulocytes

28
Q

polymorphonuclear leukocytes

A

-The nucleus of a more mature neutrophil is lobed and consists of two to five sections connected by thin strands of chromatin

29
Q

neutrophils

A
  • have fine cytoplasmic granules that appear light purple with a combination of acid and base stains.
  • the more lobes the older the cell
  • phagocytes(can eat and consume things)
  • most common in the blood stream
30
Q

lymphocytes

A
  • smallest of the leukocytes, but most important because they are the only leukocyte that is specific
  • immunity(T-lymphocytes & B-lymphocytes)
  • agranulocytes
  • B-lymphoctyes make antibodies
31
Q

monocytes

A
  • largest of the white blood cells
  • kidney shaped
  • agranulocytes
  • macrophages: they eat anything and everything
32
Q

macrophages

A
  • phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, and other debris in the tissues
  • monocytes in the in blood, but become macrophages in interstitial fluid
33
Q

eosinophils

A
  • contain coarse, uniformly sized cytoplasmic granules that stain deep red in acid stain
  • bilobed nucleus
  • moderate allergic reaction
34
Q

basophils

A
  • granules can obscure the nucleus
  • histamine: positive chemotoxins
  • heparin
35
Q

histamine

A

-promotes inflammation

36
Q

heparin

A

-inhibits blood clotting, actions that increase blood flow to injured tissues

Anatomy 2 (14 decks)

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