List #7 Flashcards
renal sinus
- Located in a hollow chamber on the medial side of the kidney
- blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, and the ureter pass through it
renal pelvis
- located mostly inside the renal sinus
- directs the urine formed by the kidney toward the ureter
- formed by the convergence of two or three tubes, called major calyces
major calyces vs. minor calyces
- two or three minor calyces converge to form a major calyx, through which urine passes before continuing through the renal pelvis into the ureter
- Urine formed in the kidney passes through a renal papilla at the apex into the minor calyx
- The minor calyces surround the apex of the renal pyramids
renal medulla vs. renal cortex
renal medulla:
- composed of conical masses of tissue called renal pyramids
renal cortex:
-appears somewhat granular, forms a shell around the medulla
renal pyramids
-transport urine from the cortical, or outer, part of the kidney, where urine is produced, to the calyces, or cup-shaped cavities in which urine collects before it passes through the ureter to the bladder.
hemodialysis
-a person’s blood is rerouted across an artificial membrane that “cleanses” it, removing substances that would normally be excreted in the urnine, and adding some substances that the kidney normally produces
renal arteries/ veins
renal arteries:
- arise from he abdominal aorta
- enter the kidney through the hilum and gives off several branches, called the interloper arteries.
cortical radiate arteries/ veins
- located between the lobes
- branches from the arcuate arteries
- the final branches of are called the afferent arterioles
afferent arterioles vs. efferent arterioles
afferent:
-branch off of the interlobular arteries
-lead to the nephrons
-fives rise to a tuft of capillaries within the renal corpuscle called the glomerulus
efferent:
-leads to complex networks of capillaries in the renal cortex that surround the renal tubules, called the peritubular capillaries
-can change in diameter which changes the GFR
nephrons (cortical vs. juxtamedullary)
- radiate out
-responsible for urine formation
cortical:
-generally have short loops that extend only part way into the renal medulla
juxtamedullary:
-have corpuscles located deep in the cortex, close to the renal medulla
renal corpuscles
- only found on the cortex
- composed of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule
- has two poles the vascular and urinary
glomeruli
- found only in the renal cortex
- hydrostatic pressure to push the blood plasma through fenestrations
- glomerular filtration occurs here
Bowman’s capsule (parietal layer vs. visceral layer)
- surrounds the glomerus
-the area in-between the parietal and visceral is called the urinary space
visceral:
-podocytes
parietal:
-made of simple squamous epithelium
podocytes
- have finger projections and contain slit pores
- red blood cells do not fit through the slits
proximal convoluted tubules vs. distal convoluted tubules
-they are both composed of simple cuboidal epithelium
proximal:
-a highly coiled area that leads away from the renal tubule
-the loop of henle follows after it
-best at reabsorption
-less nuclei and a smaller lumen
distal:
-is shorter and less coiled than the proximal
-lot of nuclei & a large lumen
