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Essentials of Fire Fighting > Technical Rescue Support and Vehicle Extraction Operations > Flashcards

Technical Rescue Support and Vehicle Extraction Operations Flashcards

1
Q

What is the title of an IC at the scene of a technical rescue?

A

The commanding officer

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2
Q

What are the two forms of assistance at a technical rescue incident?

A
  • Initial actions that must be performed at any incident

- Incident specific tasks

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3
Q

What are the five critical tasks that must be accomplished at every incident?

A
  • Size up the situation
  • Communicate information
  • Stabilize the situation
  • Stabilize the victim
  • Establish scene security
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4
Q

What four things do you need to evaluate to complete a size up?

A
  • What has happened
  • What is happening
  • What is likely to happen
  • What resources will be needed to resolve the situation
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5
Q

What three things must you be able to do to assist in a technical rescue?

A
  • Recognize the hazards associated with the type of incident
  • Understand methods for mitigating the associated hazards
  • Recognize, locate and sometimes operate rescue tools and equipment
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6
Q

When attempting to recognize the hazards associated with a specific type of rescue incident, what general information must you gather?

A
  • Incident location
  • Type of rescue
  • Weather conditions
  • Units dispatched
  • Number of victims
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7
Q

After you gather information about hazards and general information about the scene, what must you do with it?

A

You must share the information with the commanding officer and any other responding units. Then, you must determine what actions are likely required and if any other additional resources are required at the scene.

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8
Q

What does stabilizing a situation mean?

A

Preventing it from getting worse.

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9
Q

What are three examples of actions that are done to stabilize a situation?

A
  • Diverting traffic
  • Shutting off utilities
  • Suppressing fires
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10
Q

True or false, heavy machinery must always be shut off at the begining of an incident.

A

False, sometimes the machinery must be left on until the commanding officer tells you to shut it off.

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11
Q

True or false, the vibrations of a truck at the scene are enough to cause a collapse.

A

True

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12
Q

True or false, Maintaining scene security is only intended to prevent civilians from entering the hazard zone.

A

False, it is also intended to create a controlled workspace, ensure the personnel accountability system, ensure victims are accounted for, protect evidence, and prevent collapse from truck vibrations.

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13
Q

When laying tape or utility rope to mark the perimeter of the incident, how many openings should you leave in the perimeter for entrance and exit?

A

At least one, which is monitored by the Accountability Officer, maybe another one for the entrance of ambulances and additional resources.

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14
Q

True or false, firefighter 2s often perform technical rescue along side the technical rescue specialists.

A

False, mostly firefighter 2s only assist the technical rescuers by carrying equipment for them.

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15
Q

What are the two catagories of high angle rescue?

A
  • Urban/structural

- Wilderness/mountain

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16
Q

What defines a confined space?

A
  • It is large enough to enter
  • Limited means of entry and exit
  • Is not intended or designed for continuous occupancy
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17
Q

List five of the most common confined spaces from which people need to be rescued.

A
  • storage tanks
  • Grain silos
  • Storage bins
  • Aqueducts and sewers
  • Wells
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18
Q

Are firefighter 2s allowed to enter a confined space without specific training?

A

no

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19
Q

What are the five hazardous atmsopheres that are associated with confined spaces?

A
  • Oxygen deficiency
  • Flammable gases and vapors
  • Toxic gases
  • Extreme temperatures
  • Explosive dusts
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20
Q

What are the five physical hazards associated with confined spaces?

A
  • Limited means of entrance and exits
  • Tight spaces
  • Cave-ins
  • Standing liquids
  • Utility hazards like gas, sewage and electricity
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21
Q

If a space is too confined for a firefighter to enter with an SCBA, what can they use instead?

A

The Supplied Air Respirator uses a long hose to supply air to the facepiece of rescuers.

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22
Q

What is a trench?

A

An excavation that is longer than it is wide, and is made under the surface of the earth.

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23
Q

How far away from the trench must the incident perimeter be?

A

At least 30 meters

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24
Q

How far away from a trench must the apparatus be?

A

At least 150 meters

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25
Q

What is the first priority at a structural collapse incident?

A

Get untrapped victims to a safe area

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26
Q

What is the second priority at a structural collapse incident?

A

Extrictate vicitms trapped by collapse debris.

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27
Q

What is the third priority at a structural collapse incident?

A

Rescue trapped victims deep within the collapsed structure

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28
Q

List the five structural collapse patterns

A
  • Pancake
  • V-shape
  • Lean-to
  • A-frame
  • Cantilever
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29
Q

Which collapse pattern is the least likely to contain void spaces in which survivors might be found?

A

Pancake

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30
Q

True or false, in a V-shaped collapse pattern, the walls remain intact but the roof/floor collapses.

A

True

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31
Q

True or false, a lean-to collapse pattern occurs when only one of the load baring walls collapses.

A

True

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32
Q

True or false, a A-frame collapse pattern involves three walls; two outer and one load baring interior wall.

A

True

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33
Q

True or false, a cantilever collapse pattern occurs when tall buildings tip over like a tree falling.

A

False, it is when one or several floors of a tall building collapse but the structure remains standing.

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34
Q

Which collapse pattern is the most likely to experience secondry collapse?

A

Cantilever.

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35
Q

Rank the collapse patterns from most likely to contain survivors to least likely.

A
  • Cantilever
  • A-frame
  • Lean-to
  • V-shaped
  • Pancake
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36
Q

List a few Physical hazards that firefighters could encounter while performing or assisting a structural collapse rescue.

A
  • Sharp debris
  • Exposed wiring
  • Broken glass
  • Heights
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37
Q

List some of the environmental hazards that could be encountered while performing or assisting a structural collapse rescue.

A
  • Fire
  • Noise
  • Darkness
  • Damaged utilities.
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38
Q

At a vehicle rescue, what is expected of a firefighter that is not trained to perform this task?

A

They are to provide assisatance in setting up and monitoring equipment, providing medical care to victims, standing-by with a charged hoseline, or providing security to the technical rescue or the engine/truck company that is performing the rescue.

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39
Q

True or false, ice rescue is a form of water rescue.

A

True

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40
Q

List the five types of water rescue environments

A
  • Ice
  • Surface
  • Dive
  • Swiftwater
  • Surf
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41
Q

Where are can you expect to perform a water rescue?

A

Anywhere water is present

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42
Q

In water rescue, what is the difference between a rescue and a recovery?

A

A rescue involves removing a victim from a hazardous situation, while recovery occurs when the victim is dead and you are attempting to retreive the body.

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43
Q

True or false, a firefighter can wear their structural PPE in the water if they have a PFD on.

A

False, firefighters that remain on land are allowed to wear their structural PPE, but it must be removed before entering the water, working within 3 meters of the water, or entering a boat, and replaced with a PFD.

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44
Q

List a few of the water rescue hazards that you should include in your post incident report.

A
  • Undercurrents
  • Unstable footing at the water’s edge
  • Debris
  • Sink holes
  • Sharp rocks
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45
Q

Describe the dangers of low-head dams.

A

Water passes over the dam and creates a fast flowing undertow, which creates a strong downwash in which victims can easily become trapped.

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46
Q

As a firefighter 2 that is not trained in cave, mine and tunnel rescue, what are your duties at the incident?

A
  • Monitor communication channels and search lines
  • Operate SAR
  • Assist victims once they are rescued
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47
Q

What are some common hazards in caves?

A

Toxic gases, low oxygen, sharp rocks, low light, standing or swift water.

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48
Q

What are some hazards of mines?

A

Explosives, cave-ins, abandoned tools

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49
Q

What are some hazards associated with tunnels?

A

Smoke, fire, tangled debris, electrified rails or wires, biological waste.

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50
Q

Where can machinery rescue incidents occur?

A

Wherever you can find machinery

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51
Q

Why can machinery rescue often be the most stressful of any rescue?

A

Because the injuries are often gruesome.

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52
Q

List the seven observation that you should make for sizing-up a machinery rescue scene.

A
  • Victim’s medical condition
  • Type of machinery
  • Number of rescue personnel needed
  • Extrication equipment needed
  • Presence of fire or hazardous materials
  • Scene safety issues
  • Precautions necessary before securing the power to the machinery
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53
Q

True or false, when arriving at a machinery rescue incident, the first thing you should always do is turn off the machinery.

A

False, that could cause the machinery to reverse or finish a cycle, which could cause further harm to the victim. Instead, contact the manufacturer for instructions.

54
Q

True or false, the operator of a machine is not a good enough source of information for advising a machinery rescue because they are likely to be in a state of shock.

A

False, macine opertators are usually a suficient source of information during rescues, but the manufacturer might need to be called.

55
Q

What are the three types of elevators?

A

Passenger, freight, construction

56
Q

True or false, during an elevator rescue, it is often a better idea to wait for the arrival of the elevator company than to try and rescue people yourself if you are untrained and there is no medical emergency.

A

true

57
Q

Should you try to open the hoistway doors to try to get in contact with the entrapped people?

A

No, you should first try to get in contact with the phone in the elevator or by cell phone.

58
Q

What are the most common types of incidents involving escalators?

A

Trapped fingers, toes and clothing.

59
Q

Should you always assume that a power line is charged during an incident?

A

Yes

60
Q

Which members of the public are allowed inside the security perimeter?

A

None

61
Q

True or false, bystanders are advised to exit their cars and home when there is an incident involving electricity.

A

False

62
Q

True or false, at an incident involving electrical lines, after calling the hydro company and getting their advice, you are allowed to enter the hazard zone.

A

False, you must wait for them to arrive before you can enter the hazard zone.

63
Q

Once the electric company arrives at an electrical line emergency, are you allowed to cut wires if directed to do so by the electric company?

A

No, leave it to them.

64
Q

If your feet feel tingly at an incident what does it mean and how should you exit the area?

A

It means that the ground is electricaly charged. You should put you feet together and hop away so that the current does not pass through you.

65
Q

True or false, Stabilizing rescue tools are to ensure that a vehicle or structural member will not move during a rescue.

A

true

66
Q

What are the two types of electric power tools?

A

Battery powered and chord powered.

67
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of battery powered tools?

A

Advantages are more manuverable and longer distance.

Disadvantages are heavier and less usage.

68
Q

What is the most common uses of hydraulic tools?

A

-Lifting heavy objects

69
Q

What is the difference between pneumatic and hydraulic tools?

A

Hydraulic tools use liquid to provide pressure for tools while pneumatic tools use compressed air.

70
Q

What are the four main types of stabilizing tool?

A
  • Jacks
  • Tension buttress systems
  • Wheel chocks
  • Cribbing
71
Q

True or false, hydraulic jacks are less powerful than nonhydraulic jacks

A

False

72
Q

What are the two types of nonhydraulic jacks?

A
  • Screw

- Lever

73
Q

What are bar screw jacks used for?

A

They are used to support collapsed structural members.

74
Q

What are trench screw jacks used for?

A

They replace wooden cross braces in trench operations.

75
Q

What is a ratchet lever jack used for?

A

Primarily used for stabilizing and lifting, they can also be used for pushing and pulling.

76
Q

True or false, A tension buttress system is used for tipping over cars that are on their side or upside down.

A

False, they are used to stabilize cars that are on their side or upside down.

77
Q

True or false, you should always use at least three tensioned buttresses when trying to stabilize a vehicle.

A

False, no set amount is required. Use your judgement.

78
Q

What are wheel chocks?

A

Pieces of woods, plastic, rubber or aluminum that is placed on the downhill side of the rear tires to prevent unwanted movement.

79
Q

What is cribbing?

A

Pieces of wood or plastic that are placed under a load to support the weight once jacks or lifting bags are removed. Plastic cribbing lasts longer and is stronger than wooden cribbing, but it can fail suddenly, especially in the cold, and is more expensive.

80
Q

List the four types of powered rescue tools.

A
  • Spreaders
  • Cutters
  • Combination spreader/cutters
  • Extension rams
81
Q

What is the primary and secondary purpose of spreader power rescue tools?

A
  • To spread things like car doors apart

- When modified, they can push and pull things

82
Q

True or false, the cutting powered rescue tool is actually quite weak and can only cut through small pieces of metal.

A

False, it is very strong and can cut through nearly any material that can fit inside its jaws.

83
Q

True or false, the combination spreader and cutter powered rescue tool is not as strong as the individual spreader and individual cutter tools.

A

True.

84
Q

What is the purpose of an extension ram powered rescue tool?

A

They are used for opening and closing objects that are too large for the hydraulic spreader. They can extend up to 5 feet and constrict down to 3 feet. They have twice the opening power than the closing power.

85
Q

What do you do if you cannot cut through a material with the cutting tool?

A

You use a power saw

86
Q

What is a whizzer saw?

A

A small pneumatic saw that is used for delicate cutting.

87
Q

What is an air chisel?

A

A pneumatic chisel that is used for cutting bolts, sheet metal or thin concrete.

88
Q

How are tripods used as lifting devices?

A

They are set up above manholes to assist in descending and ascending.

89
Q

What are the three types of pneumatic lifting bags?

A

-High pressure, medium pressure, low pressure.

90
Q

True or false, high pressure lifting bags are designed to lift things higher than low and medium pressure lifting bags.

A

False, Lifting bags loose lifting ability the higher they lift and object.

91
Q

True or false, low and meduim lifting bags are typically much larger than high pressure lifting bags.

A

True

92
Q

True or false, you should never inflate a lifting bag without a load on it.

A

True

93
Q

True or false, you can work under an object that is only supported by a lifting bag.

A

false, use cribbing as well.

94
Q

How many pieces of cribbing do you need to use per layer of cribbing?

A

At lest three pieces per layer.

95
Q

Are you allowed to stack two lifting bags on top of each other?

A

Yes but no more than two. always inflate the lower bag first.

96
Q

True or false, you should place a protective layer between the lifting bag and the object being lifted to protect the bag.

A

False, the bags are designed with gripping material that stabilizes the object.

97
Q

True or false, synthetic winch cable is stronger, lighter and resists UV degradation better steel cable.

A

True, and it floats in water and it is less affected by temperature variations.

98
Q

Why should you place the winch as far away as possible from the object being pulled?

A

Trick question, you shouldn’t. You should place the winch as CLOSE as possible to the object being moved so that in the case of a cable break, it will have less recoil to strike someone.

99
Q

What is the difference between a winch and a come-along?

A

A come along is a handheld portable winch

100
Q

How can pneumatic nailers be used as a stabilizing tool?

A

Nails are used to secure wedges and cribbing

101
Q

Where are the A-post, B-post , and C-post located on a car?

A

A-post is closest to the front, B-post is between the doors, and C-post is closest to the rear.

102
Q

What are the threekinds of vehicle frames?

A
  • Full frame
  • Unibody frame
  • Space frame
103
Q

Define the characteristics of laminated safety glass

A

One piece of plastic is sandwiched between two pieces of glass.

104
Q

Describe the characteristics of tempered glass.

A

It is more difficult to break than untempered glass and it is designed to shatter when it breaks so that is does not create long shards of glass.

105
Q

List the seven steps involved in extracation incident size up and stabilization operations.

A
  • Perform scene size up
  • Assess the need for extracation
  • Stabilize the vehicle
  • Secure vehicle’s electrical system
  • Recognize different types of passenger safety systems
  • Determine the best way to gain access to victims
  • Perform type of extracation
106
Q

Why are incident size-ups so important?

A
  • Prevent injury to rescuers and victims
  • Identify hazards and resources required
  • Clarify required tasks
107
Q

As you approach a vehicle incident scene, what questions should you be asking yourself?

A

-What are the traffic hazards and the traffic control devices needed?
-How many vehicles are involved and what types are they?
-What type of fuel do the vehicles use?
-Where are the vehicles positioned
etc

108
Q

True or false, the potential for fire at a vehicle accident scene is always the main hazard for firefighters.

A

False, Traffic is the primary hazard at any vehicle accident, but fire, pathogens, sharp objects, environmental conditions, and roadway incidents are other hazards.

109
Q

True or false, you can deactivate airbags in a vehicle by removing the keys from the ignition.

A

True, or by pushing the on/off button.

110
Q

How long can the airbags in a vehicle remain dangerous even after the vehicle is completely shut off?

A

60 minutes due to the capacitors in the electric activation system.

111
Q

What is the 5-10-12-18-20 rule?

A
  • Stay 5 inches from side impacts air bags.
  • 10 inches away from driver frontal bags
  • 12-18 inches away from side impact curtains
  • 20 inches away from front passenger airbags
112
Q

If you encounter a tire rim that is burning, what is it likely made of?

A

Magnesium, which is no longer manufactured. But other parts of the vehicle may be made of magnesium.

113
Q

How do you protect yourself and other firefighters from sharp objects like broken glass or sharp metal while on a vehicle accident incident?

A

You should cover sharp objects with used fire hose and duct tape

114
Q

If roads are icy and you have no sand or salt, how can you create more grip on the ice for other incoming apparatus?

A

Spread absorbant on the ice.

115
Q

What is the minimum charged hoseline requirement for standby at a vehicle fire?

A

1.5 inch

116
Q

True or false, the only wires that you are allowed to cut in electric and hybrid vehicles are the brightly coloured ones like yellow, orange, red.

A

False, those are the ones that you should never cut.

117
Q

At a vehicle accident scene, a firefighter trained in emergency medical care will need to know how to perform which three tasks?

A
  • Determine the number of victims
  • Assess their injuries
  • Assess the extent of their entrapment
118
Q

True or false, victims that are entrapped are to be removed from the vehicles first.

A

False, those that are not entrapped are to be removed first so that they are not in the way of rescuers.

119
Q

True or false, when securing a vehicle in position, automatic vehicle transissions should be in park and manual trasmissions should be in first gear.

A

True

120
Q

How far should you move the keys of a vehicle that is capable of remote start?

A

At least 25 feet away

121
Q

True or false, some vehicles have airbags that can deploy even after the battery is disconnected.

A

True, Side Impact protection systems often have mechanical triggers rather than electrical ones.

122
Q

How do you prevent the SIPS airbags from deploying during an extracation operation?

A

Cut the connection to the mechanical sensor, which is usually under the dashboard.

123
Q

True or False, you should always try to avoid breaking the windshield during a vehicle extrication.

A

True

124
Q

List three of the six tools firefighters can use to remove safety glass from a vehicle.

A
  • Axe
  • Air chisel
  • Hay hook
  • Reciprocating saw
  • Coarse blade handsaw
  • Windshield cutter or glass saw
125
Q

Is it easier to break trempered glass or safety glass?

A

Tempered

126
Q

Are rear windows made of tempered or safety glass?

A

Both are commonly found.

127
Q

What are the three methods for prying open a vehicle door?

A
  • Use prying tool to break the latches
  • Use saw to cut the hinges
  • Use cutters to cut the Nader pin
128
Q

Where should you place cribbing before removing the roof of a vehicle?

A

Under the B-post

129
Q

When should you concider displacing the dashboard?

A

When a victim is trapped uner the steering wheel or pinned under the dashboard.

130
Q

What is the OATH method for search and rescue?

A

OK - 1 tug
Advance - 2 tugs
Take Slack - 3 tugs
Help - 4 tugs

Essentials of Fire Fighting (26 decks)

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